In the 2010 GSS, respondents were asked the following question: “How much confid
ID: 2922511 • Letter: I
Question
In the 2010 GSS, respondents were asked the following question: “How much confidence do you have in the leaders of the scientific community?” Below is a table that reports responses to this question by respondent age. Several measures of association are reported for this table.
Use the table below to answer the following:
Construct a directional hypothesis that can be tested with this table.
Interpret the table. How does the pattern in the table compare to the hypothesis you stated in part (a)?
Let’s assume that there is a statistically significant relationship between the two variables. (Our chi-square value is statistically significant.) How strong is the relationship between age and the attitude “confidence in leaders of the scientific community”? Identify and interpret the appropriate statistic from those offered below to answer this question.
Age
Confidence in Science
18-35 years
36-59 years
60+ years
Total
Hardly any
27
6.9%
32
5.6%
20
5.9%
79
Only some
197
50.0%
312
54.5%
174
51.3%
683
A great deal
170
43.1%
229
40.0%
145
42.8%
544
Total
394
573
339
1306
Lambda = 0.000
Cramer’s V = 0.030
Kendall’s tau-c = 0.003
Phi = 0.042
Eta = 0.019
Age
Confidence in Science
18-35 years
36-59 years
60+ years
Total
Hardly any
27
6.9%
32
5.6%
20
5.9%
79
Only some
197
50.0%
312
54.5%
174
51.3%
683
A great deal
170
43.1%
229
40.0%
145
42.8%
544
Total
394
573
339
1306
Explanation / Answer
Given Lamda is 0 that means that the independent variable is no help in predicting the dependent variable.
Cramer's V = 0.03 = only 3% association between Age and Confdience science
Kendall’s tau-c = 0.003 which is near to zero so there is very less asscoation between Age and Confdience science
Phi = 0.042 which is near to zero so there is very less asscoation between Age and Confdience science
Generally Eta measure of association that ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 indicating no association between the row and column variables and values close to 1 indicating a high degree of association.
Here Eta = 0.09 which is also near to zero so there is very less asscoation between Age and Confdience science