Statistical Psychology (Paired samples t-test, APA format t-test) Please make co
ID: 2934459 • Letter: S
Question
Statistical Psychology
(Paired samples t-test, APA format t-test)
Please make counclusion for this. There is a hint and example beyond under the question
- A driver’s education instructor is interested in the effects of hunger on mean number of road rage behaviors. Eight student drivers were asked to complete an hour of driving time with the instructor after not eating for 10 hours (a “ten hour fast”). The number of times the student driver honked the car horn or made unkind remarks about other drivers (road rage behaviors) was recorded by the instructor. The next day, the same eight students were fed breakfast prior to another hour of driving time with the instructor, who again recorded the number of times the student honked the horn or made rude remarks. Is “road rage” influenced by whether or not drivers are hungry?
Scores:
Participant Hungry Fed
1 11 4
2 16 7
3 9 7
4 12 6
5 8 9
6 11 7
7 7 4
8 13 6
(Hint)
paired samples t-test was conducted to examine the effect of give details about the 2 conditions (N= __). The results indicate that describe pattern of results, citing (M= , SD= ) FOR BOTH CONDITIONS, t(df) = ___, p= ___, r= ___.
(Helpful Hints) -N and degrees of freedom are reported as whole numbers.
-t, r, M, and SDare rounded and reported to two decimal places.
-p is reported to three decimal places.
Only exception: when SPSS reads p= “.000”
Then, you should type p< .001-Nothing should be underlined in your write ups. The underlining represents blank places that should be filled in with information.-Also note italics, spacing, spelling, and grammar. All will be taken into consideration for grading purpose
Explanation / Answer
Solution:
Here, we have to use the paired t test for checking or testing the given hypothesis or claim. The null and alternative hypotheses for this test are summarized as below:
Null hypothesis: H0: A road rage is not significantly influenced by whether or not drivers are hungry.
Alternative hypothesis: Ha: A road rage is significantly influenced by whether or not drivers are hungry.
H0: µ1 = µ2 Vs Ha: µ1 µ2
We assume 1% level of significance for this test. ( = 0.01)
The test statistic formula for this test is given as below:
t = Dbar / [ Sd/sqrt(n)]
Where, Dbar is the mean of differences in the scores of hungry and Fed,
Sd is the standard deviation of the differences, and
n is the sample size.
The calculation table for Dbar and Sd is given as below:
Hungry
Fed
Di
(Di - DBar)^2
11
4
7
5.640625
16
7
9
19.140625
9
7
2
6.890625
12
6
6
1.890625
8
9
-1
31.640625
11
7
4
0.390625
7
4
3
2.640625
13
6
7
5.640625
From the given data and above observations, we have
Sample size = n = 8
Degrees of freedom = n - 1 = 8 – 1 = 7
Dbar = 4.6250
Standard deviation of differences = Sd = 3.2486
t = 4.6250 / [3.2486/sqrt(8)]
t = 4.0268
Lower critical value = -2.3646
Upper critical value = 2.3646
P-value = 0.005
P-value < = 0.01
So, we reject the null hypothesis that a road rage is not significantly influenced by whether or not drivers are hungry.
There is sufficient evidence to conclude that a road rage is significantly influenced by whether or not drivers are hungry.
Paired samples t-test was conducted to examine the “road rage” influenced by whether or not drivers are hungry [N=8]. The result indicates that there is sufficient evidence to conclude that a road rage is significantly influenced by whether or not drivers are hungry (Dbar = 4.6250, Sd = 3.2486, t =4.0268, p = 0.005 ).
Hungry
Fed
Di
(Di - DBar)^2
11
4
7
5.640625
16
7
9
19.140625
9
7
2
6.890625
12
6
6
1.890625
8
9
-1
31.640625
11
7
4
0.390625
7
4
3
2.640625
13
6
7
5.640625