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Please show your steps so I may know how you came to your conclusion. What I hav

ID: 2969592 • Letter: P

Question

Please show your steps so I may know how you came to your conclusion.

What I have so far is:


Let n be a set of positive integers with n greater or equal to 2. Suppose that (n-1)(n-2) ... 1 ? -1(mod n) and that n is not prime meaning n is composite. So we establish a base case such that n is greater than or equal to 4. We can rewrite (n-1)(n-2) ... 1 ? -1(mod n)  to be n|(n-1)! +1.

If we look at the base case for n = 4.

4|(4-1)! +1 = 4|3!+1 = 4|7

which is incorrect since 4 does not divide 7.


How can I get to the conclusion that n must be prime I am at a lost.

Let n Z+ with n 2. Suppose that (n - l)(n - 2) 1 -1 (mod n). Prove that n must be prime. Hint: Try proof by contradiction.

Explanation / Answer

We are showing that if n is not prime that (n-1)(n-2)...(1) is not equal to -1 (mod n)


Let's consider 2 cases for n, n = 4 and all other non-prime n.


If n = 4, then (n-1)(n-2)...1 = 3*2*1 = 6, which = 2 mod 4 = -2 mod 4.


Then, consider all other composite numbers equal to n.


It may either have 2 distinct factors or be equal to p^2.

If it has 2 distinct factors, say q and r, then these factors are in 1,2, ...,n-1.

Then, the product 1*2*...*n-1 = qr*the product of all other numbers in 1 - n-1.

Thus, qr divides the product.

Thus, n divides the product.

Thus, the product = 0 (mod n)


Next, let n = p^2.


Then, p is in 1, 2, ..., n-1


As we have already taken care of the case n = 4, 2p will also be in 1, 2, ...,n-1 as n = p^2 = p * p, so 2p < p * p


Thus, we have the product 1*2*...*n-1 including p and 2p

Then the product has p*2p=2p^2 as a factor. Then, if 2p^2 is a factor, of course, p^2 = n is a factor.

Then, 1 * 2 * ... * n-1 = 0 mod n


Thus, we have shown that if n is composite, then n-1! = -2 mod n if n = 4 and 0 mod n for all other composite n. Thus, it is never equal to -1 mod n.