Complete the following sentences using the word bank below. You may use these wo
ID: 299835 • Letter: C
Question
Complete the following sentences using the word bank below. You may use these words more than once. (36pts)
roughness gradient area discharge
meander/s deepest erosion deposition
friction overland basin mass wasting
valley divide v head
mouth alluvium weathering tributaries trunk
transportation walls
Streams, also called rivers, are runoff that travels in conduits called channels. The type and extent of work accomplished by streams is a result of the amount of energy in the stream. Flowing water has kinetic energy - energy of motion – which is a function of gravitational attraction on a moving mass. Kinetic energy (KE) is given as KE = ½ m/v2 where m = mass and v= velocity. Therefore, the greater the velocity of water in a stream, the more material the stream can pick up and transport, a process called ______. Low stream flow velocity means that there is less energy resulting in __________ or the ‘laying down’ of the sediments the stream transports. Many factors influence the amount of KE in a stream.
Water will always flow ‘down hill’ along a ___________ which is defined as a change in elevation (i.e. ‘rise’) over a known distance (i.e. ‘run’). Stream flow velocity and gradient are directly proportional. Therefore as the gradient increases the stream flow velocity will also increase.
Other factors that affect velocity are channel characteristics. Channel cross-sectional_____ refers to the width and depth of the channel. The greater the channel _____, the more water the channel can hold. However, if the channel is wider than it is deep, more water molecules will be in contact with the channel walls decreasing stream velocity by _______. Therefore, stream flow velocity in a channel is typically greatest in semi-circular channels where the channel is ________. Stream channels are comprised of a variety of materials including rock and sediments which may be very course or fine in texture. Additionally, large boulders or rocks may be delivered to channels by mass wasting from the valley walls. Plants often grow within channels. The larger materials such as boulders and plants can increase the ______ between the water molecules and the channel slowing the stream flow velocity. A measure of the degree to which the materials comprising the channel affect velocity is called channel _________. This measurement is inversely proportional to the velocity of the stream. The shape of the channel course is also important to stream flow velocity. Stream channels with ________, large bends in the channel, increase the distance over which the water must travel (i.e., the ‘run’) resulting in a decrease in the channel _______ (slope).
Kinetic energy of the stream will also change with the volume of water that flows through the channel. The volume of water flowing each second is a measurement called stream _____ which is directly proportional to stream velocity.
A stream channel travels through an elongated depression called a ________. The shape of these structures is a consequence of the combined effects of ______ flow which refers to the runoff flowing over the uplands and down the _________ walls, _________, the break-down of the rock or sediment comprising the walls, and _____, which is the downslope movement of the sediments or rocks. The stream itself simply conveyors the materials delivered to it by these processes. The shape of hard rock valleys are described as ___ shaped with steep valley _____ and floors that are typically the same width as the stream channel. Alluvial valleys have floors filled with _______, the organic rich an often well-sorted sediment deposited by streams. Alluvial valley floors are far greater than the width of the stream channel and often much wider than the stream’s ______ belt – the lateral distance over which the stream channel meanders.
The shape of the land, called topography, determines how stream channels develop on a continent. Streams are typically organized into a network of smaller ______ which ultimately intersect with a main trunk channel. The area over which runoff as ______ flow is collected by a system of streams is called a drainage _____. These regions also called water sheds, are separated from one another on a continent by the highest elevation between them, called a drainage ______. The many ____ at the highest elevations at the beginning of a stream system, called the ______ waters or zone of _______, are typically numerous, small in cross-sectional area, and flow within narrow, ____ shaped valleys. The location where a stream delivers its load of water and sediment into a large water body such as a lake or the ocean is called the ______ of the stream or the zone of _______. The middle section of a drainage basin where the number of _____ diminishes and the channels begin to meander and erode laterally, is called the zone of ____ or the ____ of the stream system. The distance and shape of the land along the full course of the stream system from the ____ to the _____ is called the longitudinal profile of the stream.
Explanation / Answer
ANSWER-
EROSION
DEPOSITION
GRADIENT
AREA
DIVIDE
FRICTION
DEEPEST
FRICTION
STREAM CAPACITY
V
ROUGHNESS
DISCHARGE
CHANNEL
WEATHERING
EROSION
V SHAPED
GRADIENT
ALLUVIUM