Identify the forms of the following arguments, using capital letters to stand fo

Question

Identify the forms of the following arguments, using capital letters to stand for statements and eliminating any stylistic variants. If the argument form is one of the "famous" valid forms, give its name. If the, argument form is not one of the "famous" valid forms, write "none." If the solution turns blue litmus paper red, then the solution contains acid. The solution turns blue litmus paper red. So, the solution contains acid. If the solution turns blue litmus paper red, then the solution contains acid. The solution does not contain acid. So, the solution does not turn blue litmus paper red. Lewis is a famous author only if he knows how to write. But Lewis is not a famous author. Hence, Lewis does not know how to write. If Susan is a famous author, then she know how to write. Moreover, Susan knows how to write. So, she is a famous author. Souls transmigrate. But it is wrong to eat animals if souls transmigrate. Hence, it is wrong to eat animals. Either Jones is an innocent bystander or Jones fired a shot at the mayor. Jones is not an innocent bystander. Therefore, Jones fired a shot at the mayor. Rilke is a dreamer if he is a poet. Therefore, Rilke is a poet. Either you marry young or you wait. If you marry young, you incurs a high risk of divorce. If you wait, the field of available partners grows ever smaller. So, either you incur a high risk of divorce or the field of available partners grows ever smaller. It is not wrong to kill spiders. But if spiders have eternal souls, then it is wrong to kill them. Thus, it is false that spiders have eternal souls. If you study hard, you refine your communication skills. It you refine your communication skills, then your job opportunities increase. Hence, if you study hard, your job opportunities increase. If Mubarak is from Egypt, then he is from Africa. Therefore, if Mubarak is not from Egypt, then he is not from Africa. Ben is a rat. Ben is a rat only if Ben is a mammal. So, Ben is a mammal. Sam is wealthy if he has more than a billion dollars. But Sam does not have more than a billion dollars. Therefore, Sam is not wealthy. There is life on Mars given that there is life on Earth. Hence, there is life on Mars. It is true that corrupt institutions are hard to reform. It is false that individuals are totally depraved. Therefore, if corrupt institutions are hard to reform, then individuals are totally depraved.

Explanation / Answer

(1)

we are given

solution turns blue to red ...then solution is acid

we know that

Acid always turbs blue litmus paper to red

Hence , this statment is "famous"

(2)

we are given that solutions turns blue litmus to red

and if solution does not turn blue to red ...then it's not acid

yes, this is true

because only acid can turn blue litmus to red

Hence , this is "famous" statement

(3)

we know that

Michael Lewis is  is an American non-fiction author and financial journalist

Author always know how to write

But if any author is not famous ... It does not mean that author does not know how to write

so, this statment is valid

Hence , "none" is answer

(4)

Anyone can become author or famous author if he/she knows how to write

But it is not neccesary that if anyone knows how to write ...they can become famous author

yes, Susan knows how to write , that's why she is a famous author

this is valid statment

Hence , this is "famous"

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