Problem 5 (8 pts): You are a time-traveling evolutionary note croaking mating ca
ID: 303000 • Letter: P
Question
Problem 5 (8 pts): You are a time-traveling evolutionary note croaking mating call. Now. same lake in North Dakota still con es in a lake in North Dakota. The fng is light groem win darkar gree ing a population of feogs utuends a 4 mate only with fleas the,kewinse, prefier cartlie Hood Ovar sime, mtich type of spec you travel 100,000 ycars in to the tains the eriginal type of frog that you studied, bu a second type of frog that is light green with brows spots and has a 2-sote and observe that the You hypothesize that a speciation event has occurred croalking call Preblem6 (7 peints) a. Explain what would have needed to take place for this speciation event to have oscurred a eady to determine the popalations of Culex pipiens mosquitoos. The location ot the 6 studied are shown on the map below, and the genetic distance betwpen diflerevs paiers of populations is shewn on the graph bel (data from acres et al. 1998) b. What type of speciation (sympatric or allopatrie) is occurring and how do you know? Papulaons compared a. Opts) between which two pepulations is there the grealest amount of gme Circle the correct answer for the following 2 questions (2 points each) e. There is still some controversy among within the same species as moden humans, or into a separate species of their own A sequence data analyzed so far shows a large number of DNA base pair differences between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens, but it is now known that Neanderthals and humans were able to mate and produce viable offspring. Given this information Neanderthals and humans should be classified as different species according to the DN b. (2pts) based on the data shown in the graph, which 2 populations would be most Vkely to be designated as different species? species concept and as the same species according to the species concept between populations 3 and 6 than it is between any of the other pairs of population shown? c. Opts) give a plausible biological explanation for why the genetic distance is grene a. Biologieal; phylogenetic b. Morphological; biological c. Biological; morphological d. Phyogenetic e. Phylogenetic; biological gical d. In a hypothetical situation, a certain species of flea feeds only on pronghorn antelopes In rangelands of the western United States, pronghorns and cattle oflen associale with on another. If some of these fleas develop a strong preference, instead, for cattle blood and Page 9 of 1 Page S of IIExplanation / Answer
5) a) Here, as there is no geographical barrier between the dwelling species of the lake, which means it is a case sympatric speciation. The sympatric speciation can occur when the mating is restricted between the species due to change in ploidy level between the species (which lead them not to be able to mate), due to some kind of mutation, somatic hybridization, assortative mating etc. So, here the gene flow between the incipient species has become severely low or almost curtailed for this situation to happen.
b) Here Sympatric speciation is occurring. As for speciation to occur, the two species must be reproductively isolated through geographical barrier or through some other means. But here, in this lake, as there is no geographical barrier, but still a new kind of species is seen and both the earlier and the newer species are dwelling in the same kind of habitat, so this is definitely a case of sympatric speciation.
This is not a case of allopatric speciation as there is no defined geographical barrier between the species.
c) The option (e) would be the correct answer.
Here, the Homo sapiens and Neanderthals have clearly distinguishable differences between the DNA sequences on the basis of which they must be identified under different phyletic group, which lead us to conclude that this classification comes under Phylogenetic species concept.
And as both Homo sapiens and Neanderthals can potentially mate/interbreed and produce viable offsprings, which is foremost criteria for defining Biological species concept.
d) Here, the fleas first preferred pronghorn blood, but some of the fleas now developed a strong taste for cattle blood and started mating with cattle fleas, so in due course of time, a reproductive barrier will develop between those subsets of flea populations which were dwelling on pronghorn. A subset will keep on favoring pronghorn blood and the other subset will now lead to form a new species favoring cattle blood. So, these populations are now reproductively isolated in terms of habitat and food preferences. This is sympatric speciation as there is still no definable geographical barrier.