Please only answer if you are going to be very detailed and answer all of them.
ID: 303162 • Letter: P
Question
Please only answer if you are going to be very detailed and answer all of them. I want to learn and im lost. Thank you very much.
QUESTION #2 [8 pts] a) DNA within cells is usually wrapped around histone proteins to form a complex structure called chromatin. Describe how chromatin is important for cells during mitosis and meiosis. [2 pts] b) Chromatin structure is also important for transcriptional regulation. Explain how the structures of euchromatin and heterochromatin affect how genes are transcribed. [2 pts] c) How, then, do you suspect transcription is affected during mitosis? Explain your reasoning. [2 pts] d Aditionally, istones themselves can be involved in transciptional regulation In what two ways do histones contribute to regulation of transcription? 12 pts]Explanation / Answer
A) as the DNA is packed into chromatin so this packing prevents chromosome breakage and controls gene expression and DNA replication during mitosis and meiosis.
B)Transcription is a process in which the genetic information stored in DNA is read by proteins and then transcribed into RNA, and the RNA will later be translated into functional proteins. If the chromatin gets strengthened and restricts access to the read proteins, there are no transcription occurs. Euchromatin, an extended type of chromatin, can conduct the process of transcription. While heterochromatin, the condensed type of chromatin, is packed too tightly for DNA to be read by proteins,so heterochromatin restricts the transcription.
C) some general transcription factors are inactivated at mitosis so mitotic inhibition of transcription occurs.
D)histones mostly affect gene expression at a transcriptional level. Histones associate with DNA and serve to select which genes get transcribed in the cells. The pattern of methylation and histone variants could have either stronger interaction with a particular stretch of DNA, making it less accessible to the transcription machinery. The opposite could also be true.
Histones could also slide along the DNA, be acetylated or ejected from a nucleosome and re-deposited after a certain gene has been transcribed.