In Exercises 2 and 3, use critical thinking to develop an alternative conclusion
ID: 3202598 • Letter: I
Question
In Exercises 2 and 3, use critical thinking to develop an alternative conclusion. For example, consider a media report that BMW cars cause people to be healthy, because people who drive BMW cars are found to have better health than those who do not. The conclusion that BMW cars cause better health is probably wrong. Here is a better conclusion: BMW drivers tend to be wealthier than other adults, and greater wealth is associated with better health.
2- Weight and Trucks – A study that truck drivers weigh more than adults who do not drive trucks. Conclusion: Trucks cause people to gain weight.
3- Cold Remedy - In a study of cold symptoms, every one of the study subjects with a cold was found to be improved two weeks after taking ginger pills. Conclusion: Ginger pills cure colds.
In Exercises 4-6, use critical thinking to address the key issue.
4-Population Data – On Monday, October 31, 2011 the Reuters international news agency ran this front-page headline: “World’s population hits 7 billion.” What is wrong with this headline?
5-Average of Averages – An economist randomly selects 10 wage earners from each of the 50 states. For each state, he finds the average of the annual incomes, and he then adds those 50 values and divides by 50. Is the result likely to be a good estimate of the average (mean) of all wage earners in the United States? Why or why not?
6-Pictograph – Taxes in Newport have doubled over the past 10 years, and a candidate for mayor wants to construct a graph that emphasizes that point. She represents taxes 10 years ago by using a box with a width, length, and height all equal to 1 inch. She then doubles each dimension to show a larger box representing taxes now. What is the volume of the smaller box? What is the volume of the larger box? Does this pictograph correctly depict the relationship between taxes 10 years ago and taxes now?
Percentages. In Exercises 7-9, answer the given questions that relate to percentages.
7- Percentages
a. What is 15% of 720?
b. Convert 8% to an equivalent decimal.
c. Convert 0.001 to an equivalent percentage.
d. Convert the fraction 1068/1206 to an equivalent percentage. Express the answer to the nearest tenth of a percent.
8-Percentages in Campus Crime - In a study on college campus crimes committed by students high on alcohol or drugs, a mail survey of 1512 students was conducted. A USA Today article noted, “nine percent of the students responding anonymously say they’ve committed a campus crime. And 61% of that group say they did so under the influence of alcohol or drugs.” Assuming that the number of students responding anonymously is 1512, how many actually committed a campus crime while under the influence of alcohol or drugs?
9-Percentages in Advertising – In an ad for Big Skinny wallets included the statement that one of their wallets “reduces you filled wallet size by 50% -- 200%.” What is wrong with this statement?
Explanation / Answer
7- Percentages
a. What is 15% of 720?
720 *0.15 = 108
b. Convert 8% to an equivalent decimal.
8 /100 = 0.08
c. Convert 0.001 to an equivalent percentage.
0.001 * 100 = 0.1 %
d. Convert the fraction 1068/1206 to an equivalent percentage. Express the answer to the nearest tenth of a percent.
(1068 /1206 ) *100% = 88.6%
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8-Percentages in Campus Crime - In a study on college campus crimes committed by students high on alcohol or drugs, a mail survey of 1512 students was conducted. A USA Today article noted, “nine percent of the students responding anonymously say they’ve committed a campus crime. And 61% of that group say they did so under the influence of alcohol or drugs.” Assuming that the number of students responding anonymously is 1512, how many actually committed a campus crime while under the influence of alcohol or drugs?
Number of students committed crime is 1512 * 0.09 = 136.08
And 61% pf 136.08 said they did under the influence of alcohol or drugs so requried number of students is
136.08 * 0.61 = 83.0088
That is 83 students committed a campus crime while under the influence of alcohol or drugs.