Suppose we would like to test the usefulness of a drug for treating cancer. We g
ID: 3203260 • Letter: S
Question
Suppose we would like to test the usefulness of a drug for treating cancer.
We get a list of Stanford students who are receiving care for cancer at the Stanford Hospital and contact a random sample of 100 of them. Among them, 40 agree to participate in a trial. Among those, 20 are randomly assigned to the treatment and 20 to a placebo control.
After 6 months, the 40 trial participants are evaluated using standard diagnostic criteria for cancer. Treatment group members meet on average 0.2 fewer diagnostic criteria for cancer than do control group members (a moderately good outcome).
2. For which groups is the number 0.2 a valid (unbiased) estimate of the true average effect of the treatment? (Mark *all* that apply.) *
All cancer patients
All cancer patients who are receiving care at Stanford Hospital
All cancer patients who are receiving counseling at Stanford Hospital who would agree to participate in the trial if asked
The 100 people whom we contacted
The 40 people who agreed to participate in the trial
The 20 people who received the treatment
None of the above
Explanation / Answer
given
We get a list of Stanford students who are receiving care for cancer at the Stanford Hospital and contact a random sample of 100 of them. Among them, 40 agree to participate in a trial. Among those, 20 are randomly assigned to the treatment and 20 to a placebo control.
After 6 months, the 40 trial participants are evaluated using standard diagnostic criteria for cancer. Treatment group members meet on average 0.2 fewer diagnostic criteria for cancer than do control group members (a moderately good outcome).
now
since from the this sample we want to check the effect of new treatment of cancer
so here we get 0.2 average decrease from the sample
hence on the basis of this sample we make coclusion about whole cancer patients
hence
Option (A) All cancer patients is correct