Describe how the body\'s major organ systems work together to get glucose from t

ID: 322386 • Letter: D

Question

Describe how the body's major organ systems work together to get glucose from the digestive system to the muscle cells of the leg. What other body systems are necessary for the muscle cell to make use of the glucose by producing energy such that it does not tire? How does malnutrition affect the function of the digestive system and why does malnutrition result in a vicious cycle? The microvilli of the small intestine break down and are not easily repaired if the diet lacks carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, or protein. Describe any 2 harmful, short-term and 2 harmful, long-term effects of chronic, excessive alcohol use.

Explanation / Answer

Thanks for the question

Answer to part 5a is as follows

Mouth

Where food enters the alimentary canal and digestion begins

Salivary glands

Produce saliva containing amylase

Oesophagus

Muscular tube which moves ingested food to the stomach

Stomach

Muscular organ where digestion continues

Pancreas

Produces digestive enzymes

Liver

Produces bile

Gall bladder

Stores bile before releasing it into the duodenum

Small intestine - duodenum

Where food is mixed with digestive enzymes and bile

Small intestine - ileum

Where digested food is absorbed into the blood and lymph

Large intestine - colon

Where water is reabsorbed

Large intestine - rectum

Where faeces are stored

Large intestine -

Where faeces leave the alimentary canal through stools.

Thus from the small intestine, glucose absorbed from food is transported to the muscles.

The answer to 5b is as follows

Glycolysis is the reaction which produces two molecules of ATP through the conversion of glucose into pyruvate, water, and NADH in the absence of oxygen. The glucose for glycolysis can be provided by the blood supply, but is more often converted from glycogen in the fibers of the muscle. When there is intense exercise that has outstripped the rate of ATP replacement it results in muscle fatigue. Therefore if the muscle is not to tire, ATP should be continously supplied by glycolysis.

Regards