Past research suggests that being a firstborn child is linked to numerous develo

Question

Past research suggests that being a firstborn child is linked to numerous developmental advantages. In this study, researchers investigated whether birth order is related to creativity later in life. The study involved 180 undergraduate students and recorded each participant's birth order status (i.e., first born vs. later born) and creativity score (i.e., above median vs. below median).

The results are summarized in the following frequency distribution table (note: the number in each cell represents number of students/frequency count in each category):

35

45

Based on these results, can the researcher conclude that there is a significant

relationship between birth order and creativity? Test at p < .05 level of significance.

Your answer should include:

         - hypotheses

         - computed Chi2 (show all computational steps)

         - df and critical Chi2 for p <.05

         - decision about H0 and the conclusion in APA reporting format

   - if the relationship is statistically significant, compute the phi-coefficient to

measure the strength of the relationship

First Born Later Born Creativity score Above Median 67

35

Creativity Score Below Median 33

45

Explanation / Answer

null hypothesis: there is a no relationship between birth order and creativity

alternate hypothesis:there is a significant relationship between birth order and creativity

computed Chi2 =9.7839

df =1

critical Chi2=3.8415

as test stat is higher then critical value we reject null hypothesis.

There is sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a significant relationship between birth order and creativity

phi-coefficient =(X2/n)1/2 =0.2331

Observed O first born later born Total above median 67 35 102 below median 33 45 78 Total 100 80 180 0.566667 Expected E=rowtotal*column total/grand total first born later born Total above median 56.7 45.3333 102 below median 43.3 34.7 78 Total 100 80 180 chi square =(O-E)^2/E first born later born Total above median 1.884 2.3554 4.240 below median 2.464 3.080 5.544 Total 4.348 5.436 9.7839

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