Students often complain that having final exams at scheduled times that are diff
ID: 3292515 • Letter: S
Question
Students often complain that having final exams at scheduled times that are different from regular class sessions disrupts their circadian rhythms and affects their performance. You suspect that this might be so and that the impact would be greatest for more difficult exams. To test this, you conduct a 2 times 3 between-subjects experiment in which difficulty level and time of testing are varied for a sample of students who are taking final exams at "different" times. Using the data presented below, test whether performance depends on time of day and difficulty level of the exam. Perform the appropriate analysis using SPSS. Please write up the results as you would in a scientific paper. For any significant main effects, please report the effect size. Please turn in the relevant portions of your SPSS output.Explanation / Answer
Solution:
Test Hypothesis:
H0: Test difficulty and Time of testing independent.
H1: Test difficulty and Time of testing not independent
Chi square test will be appropriate for given data. Now using SPSS, we get the result.
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
Missing
Total
N
Percent
N
Percent
N
Percent
Test_Difficulty * Time_Testing
160
100.0%
0
.0%
160
100.0%
Test_Difficulty * Time_Testing Crosstabulation
Time_Testing
Total
9am
12am
3pm
Test_Difficulty
Difficult
Count
11
25
40
76
Expected Count
24.2
26.1
25.7
76.0
Std. Residual
-2.7
-.2
2.8
Easy
Count
40
30
14
84
Expected Count
26.8
28.9
28.4
84.0
Std. Residual
2.6
.2
-2.7
Total
Count
51
55
54
160
Expected Count
51.0
55.0
54.0
160.0
Chi-Square Tests
Value
df
Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square
29.136a
2
.000
Likelihood Ratio
30.627
2
.000
Linear-by-Linear Association
28.873
1
.000
N of Valid Cases
160
a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 24.23.
Conclusion: Here Pearson Chi-square value is 29.136 and p-value=0.00.
Since p-value<0.05
Hence, we reject H0 and conclude that "Test difficulty" and "Time of testing independent" are not independent.
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
Missing
Total
N
Percent
N
Percent
N
Percent
Test_Difficulty * Time_Testing
160
100.0%
0
.0%
160
100.0%