Report writing: Write a two-page report about the subject that is attributed to
ID: 3308898 • Letter: R
Question
Report writing: Write a two-page report about the subject that is attributed to your ID in the table below. You are requested to include two papers related to your subject Select 2 published research papers related to the subject assigned to you. Choose a proper title for your report; Write your report; your report should include the following: * o Title of the report o Your affiliation (Name, ID and University) o Summary o Discussion/presentation of the subject o Conclusion (1/2 page) o References; should include the full bibliographical information about the two papers that you have selected. Paper submission (electronic or hardcopy) o Subit your report with the cover page provided in this document. o Submit a copy of the 2 papers that you have used to write your report Guidelines: Maximum Number of pages: 2 (A4). Font: Aria pts. or Times New Romans 12 pts., single spacing for all document Use one font only. Title and section titles are bold. Use page numbers on both pages. Final report may be submitted as PDF or hardcopy (for hardcopy submission, i is recommended to print on both sides of the paper; 1 sheet of paper, recto-verso). Your report should respect the scientific research methodology and author rights StudentI 331001543 331001783 331004763 341001863 Pumped hydro Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) Flywheel Superconducting Magnetic Storage (SMES) Energy storage technology Energy storage technology Energy storage technology Energy storage technology Nuclear energy Renewable energy Renewable energy Renewable energy Nuclear power plants Fuel cells 341004083 342044863 342048783 ConcentratecExplanation / Answer
It is not assigned that on which topic we have to write report so I am writing report on photovoltaic a reneweble energy source.
ABSTRACT: -
Solar energy is the renewable and pollution free energy source. Exploitation of this energy source is only one way to meet the increasing world energy need. In order to harvest as much of solar energy as possible various type of solar cell are designed and fabricated. I have studied a various types of solar cell from this I got motivation to fabricate a liquid based solar cell.
INTRODUCTION: -
In present world our energy demand is increasing to improve lifestyle. Available energy source is hydropower, nuclear energy and biomass. These sources are limited on the earth and they are increasing carbon dioxide level in environment. To solve the energy crisis of the world peoples are going to solar energy. Because it is a renewable and pollution free energy source. Present time organic polymers are widely using in photovoltaic technology but efficiency is not increase enough. So liquid crystal is alternate that can increase efficiency and reduce effective cost. To harvest maximum sunlight many photovoltaic cell is developed.
There is brief overview on the development of solar cell: - -
Crystalline Silicon: - Silicon is a semiconductor material illustrated in suitable for PV applications, with energy band gap of 1.1 eV. Crystalline silicon is the material commonly used in the PV industry, wafer-based C-Si PV cells and modules dominate the current market. Crystalline silicon technologies accounted for about 87% of global PV sales but manufacturing cost of crystalline si is very expensive. .
Thin-Film: -The second generation solar cells are based on amorphous silicon, CIGS and CdTe,. second generation solar cells avoid use of silicon wafers and have a lower material consumption it has been possible to reduce production costs of these types of solar cells compared to the first generation. amorphous silicon cell efficiencies are in the range 4%to 8%. Manufacturing cost of thin film solar cell is low but efficiency is poor. To increase efficiency organic polymers were started to use as active layer.
Organic solar cell: -
organic polymers are used as active layer and for charge transportation. The electronic structure of all organic semiconductors is based on conjugated - electrons. A conjugated organic system is made of an alternation between single and double carbon-carbon bonds. Single bonds are known as -bonds and are associated with localized electrons, and double bonds contain a -bond and a - bond. The -electrons are much more mobile than the -electrons; they can jump from site to site between carbon atoms due to the mutual overlap of orbitals along the conjugation path, which causes the wave functions to delocalize over the conjugated backbone. The -bands are either empty (called the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital - LUMO) or filled with electrons (called the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital - HOMO). The band gap of these materials ranges from 1 to 4 eV. This -electron system has all the essential electronic features of organic materials: light absorption and emission, charge generation.
REFERENCES
1 Manish kumar & Sandeep Kumar, liquid crystals in photovoltaics: a new generation of organic photovoltaics 0032-3896/2017.
2 Um netrawati & Dr. venkagoda & c patil, A review on photovoltaic solar energy technology and its efficiency, ISSN – 2320- 0790/2015
3 Gorden j. hedley & arvydas ruseckas & ifor D.W Samuel, light harvesting for organic photovoltaic, ky16 9SS U.K.
4 Demus D, goodby & W Gray . G. W. spies , Hand book for liquid crystals, volume4 , ISNB 3-527-29502-X