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Plz do this by hand with shown the equation but clear handwriting and plz don\'t

ID: 3356675 • Letter: P

Question

Plz do this by hand with shown the equation but clear handwriting and plz don't using excel is testing A particular component has four different failure modes. A manufacturer different design configurations (A·B, and C) that each utilize the component. A manufacturing engineer collects the following data on the number of failures that 2. in each mode for each configuration Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4 20 Configuration A 18 Configuration B 12 Configuration C6 The engineer wantsto determine whether the proportion of errorsis different 39 32 15 15 8 between the three configurations ate the appropriate null hypothesis and alternate hypothesis b) Compute the expected values under the null hypothesis c) Compute the value of the chi-square statistic s d) Find the p-value. What do you conclude? Note that if you cannot find the specific p- value, report the range from the table that justifies your response.

Explanation / Answer

a) H0: Configuration A, B and C are independent.

H1: Configuration A, B and C are dependent of each other.

b)

Mode 1

Mode 2

Mode 3

Mode 4

Total

Configuration A

18

39

20

7

84 (R1)

Configuration B

12

32

15

8

67 (R2)

Configuration C

6

15

5

11

37 (R3)

Total

36 (C1)

86 (C2)

40 (C3)

26 (C4)

188 (n)

Expected values are found using :

ejk= RjCk/n

where Rj : Total for row j

Ck : total for column k

n = sample size

all three parameter are shown in above table .

Below table shows the expected values for each cell.

Mode 1

Mode 2

Mode 3

Mode 4

Total

Configuration A

16.08

38.42

17.87

11.62

84 (R1)

Configuration B

12.23

30.65

14.25

9.26

67 (R2)

Configuration C

7.08

16.92

7.87

5.12

37 (R3)

Total

36 (C1)

86 (C2)

40 (C3)

26 (C4)

188 (n)

like for config A mode 1 expected value is found using (67 x 36)/188 = 12.23.

c) Chi2 =  ((oi - ei)2/ei)   

where o : observed value

e : expected value

chi2 = (18-16.08)2/16.08 + (39-38.42)2/38.42 + .........................+ (11-5.12)2/5.12

= 10.785

d) for finding p value we need df value i.e, degree of freedom

df = (r-1)(c-1) r: number of rows ; c: number of columns

df = (3-1)(4-1)

= 6

we are assuming alpha = 0.05 or at 95% confidence interval.

Critical value or p- value at alpha = 0.05 and df= 6 from the chi square distribution table is 12.59

We know that we reject Null hypothesis if our calculated chi square value is greater than the p-value.

In part c , our chi square value was 10.785 which is less than the p- value of 12.59, therefore we will accept the null hypothesis and conclude that the three configurations are independent of each other.

Mode 1

Mode 2

Mode 3

Mode 4

Total

Configuration A

18

39

20

7

84 (R1)

Configuration B

12

32

15

8

67 (R2)

Configuration C

6

15

5

11

37 (R3)

Total

36 (C1)

86 (C2)

40 (C3)

26 (C4)

188 (n)