In 1974 a popular science magazine reported that a study of women in Italy indic
ID: 3369873 • Letter: I
Question
In 1974 a popular science magazine reported that a study of women in Italy indicated that having sons shortened the lifespans of mothers by about 44 weeks per son, but that daughters helped to lengthen the mothers' lives. The data came from church records from the period 1628 to 1885. Answer parts a) through e) below. a) Identify whether the above research is an observational study or an experiment The descnibed research is an b) Was the study retrospective or prospective? This is a observational study c) Identify the subjects studied, and how they were selected. The subjects were How were these subjects selected? OA. The data were collected from randomly selected church records B. The women volunteered for the study. C. The women were randomly selected. D. The selection process is unknown. d) Identify the parameter of interest O A. The parameter of interest is average numbers of sons and daughters O B. The parameter of interest is difference in average lifespan of mothers in Italy 0 C. The parameter of interest is difference in average lifespan between sons and daughters. O D. The parameter of interest is difference in average lifespan between mothers of sons and mothers of daughters e) ldentify the nature and scope of the conclusion regarding what the results may or may not indicate 0 A. O B ? C. For this group, having daughters was associated with an increase in lifespan of an average of 44 weeks per daughter, while having sons was associated with an unspecified decrease in lifespan. For this group, having children was associated with a decrease in lifespan of an average of 44 weeks per chid without random ass ent there is no way to know that having sons caused a decrease in lifespan. For this group, having sons was associated with a decrease in lifespan of an average of 44 weeks per son, while having daughters was associated with an unspecified increase in lifespan Without random assignment, there is no way to know that having sons caused a decrease in lifespanExplanation / Answer
a) The described research study is an observational study
b) This is retrospective observational study
Explanation: The data is collected from already existing records
c) The subjects were women regarding life span
The selection process is unknown (D)
SELECTION METHOD IS NOT SPECIFIED
d) (D)
The parameter of interest is average difference in average lifespan between mothers of sons and mothers of daughters
e) (C)