Need help understanding and answering these questions. 1.Compare the hemodynamic
ID: 3483608 • Letter: N
Question
Need help understanding and answering these questions.
1.Compare the hemodynamic response to dynamic vs static exercise. How does this response result in different cardiac adaptations to each type of training?
2. Why can regular aerobic exercise training help reduce the severity of a heart attack (beyond the fact that regular training reduces the risk of a heart attack in the first place)?
3. Describe the cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations to endurance training. What is the role of AMP Kinase in driving the metabolic adaptations to this type of training? What is this enzyme activated by, and how can you maximize its response
4. Which gene is turned on by AMPK that drives mitochondrial biogenesis?
5. Describe the effect of detraining on mitochondrial density in muscle.
6. How does training type affect muscle enzymes? Do Type I fibers get converted to Type II fibers with strength training, and vice versa with endurance training (at least, what do most scientists currently believe)?
7. An elite marathoner has had the same VO2max for years, but in spite of her VO2max not improving, her marathon times have continued to improve steadily. What metabolic factors might explain this continued improvement?
Explanation / Answer
Q1) Hemodynamic response to dynamic vs static exercise:
Both dynamic and static types of exercises will give significant rise in Systolic blood pressure, & Heart rate. The rise in DBP was significant in subjects who performed static exercise only. From BP and HR responses, it is clear that acute responses to both exercises are almost similar.
Static exercise produces a cardiovascular response that differs significantly from that observed during dynamic exercise.
Dynamic exercise : The physiological response is an increase in oxygen consumption and heart rate that parallels the intensity of imposed activity and a curvilinear increase in stroke volume. There is a progressive increase in systolic blood pressure with the maintenance of or slight decrease in diastolic blood pressure and concomitant widening of pulse pressure. Thus, aerobic exercise imposes primarily a volume load on myocardium.
Static exercise: The heart rate and blood pressure responses are largely proportionate to tension exerted relative to greatest possible tension in muscle group rather than absolute tension developed. Stroke volume remains largely unchanged with static exercise. Result is modest increase in cardiac output with little or no increase in metabolism.
Acute cardiovascular responses of older adults to static as well as dynamic exercise and not much difference was found in the responses.