Assignment 1: Evaluating Bias in Research Due Week 3 and worth 60 points Read th
ID: 3490681 • Letter: A
Question
Assignment 1: Evaluating Bias in Research Due Week 3 and worth 60 points Read the article titled, “As drug industry’s influence over research grows, so does the potential for bias,” located at http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/as-drug-industrys-influence-over-research-grows-so-does-the-potential-for-bias/2012/11/24/bb64d596-1264-11e2-be82-c3411b7680a9_story.html. Review the six (6) rules of critical thinking (Chapter 1) and the steps of “Doing Sociology: A Student’s Guide to Research” (Chapter 2). Student Success Tip: As you review the steps, jot a few notes or thoughts down. Relax and prepare to write a concise and accurate essay. Write a one to two (1-2) page essay in which you: Identify the first step in the student’s guide to research. Define the first step of research in your own words. Identify the major assumptions and bias of the drug industry that underlie drug research. Identify the personal bias that you, as a consumer, have on the drug industry’s influence over research. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. To keep this essay short and manageable, your only sources for the essay should be the article from The Washington Post and the sections noted in your text. For this reason, APA citations or references are not required for this assignment. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page is not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: Define the basic concepts used in the discipline of sociology. Define the various methodologies for sociological research. Use technology and information resources to research issues in sociology. Write clearly and concisely about sociology using proper writing mechanics.
Explanation / Answer
The basic concept of drug research includes the experimentation and designing of protocol to inhibit a particular metabolic process or cell signaling in a cell.This further involves a dedicated study with lots of hardworking chemists,biological scientists working to improve the mechanism and action of drugs with crucial and groudbreaking discovery of drugs for cure of various diseases like diabetes, arthritis and anaemia as reported in the washington post.There are also a set of ethical code of conduct rules for testing of pharmaceutical drugs on animals in three to four stage trials on monkeys,guinea pigs and rats before testing on humans.The article includes the dicussion of side effects of drugs on humans with diabetes leading to heart attacks and finally the withdrawal of drugs from the market.Various drug-docking softwares are available which give a brief analysis of the docking site of drugs on all the receptors on the human mammalian cells in various organs along with a brief description of activation and inhibition mechanisms of these drugs on agonist and antagonist receptors of cells.Further the study models like rats,rabbits and monkeys models are small as compared to humans and homology and analogy of receptors in these animals as compared to humans is also different so research study is very tedious and difficult with unknown side effects.Further patients have multiple diseases and symptoms along with a primary disease like diabetes which includes the food and sedentary habits of humans in various countries.Most of the food items like cheese, butter are available at discounts with full covering of these fats on breads and sandwiches.Further people do not have the habit of performing exercise after eating such foods with heavy calorific value.The fats are not easily metabolized in body and accumulates in heart in the form of cholesterol.Doctors and physicians on a priority basis analyse the physical attributes of patients like height, weight, and basal metabolic index before prescribing drugs as a manifestation of other side effects related to drugs.
The study involves a statistical survey of patients suffering from diabetes,arthritis and anaemia along with the clinical prscription of new deugs from Glaxo-smithkline Beecham,Merck and other reputed companies involved in the organic synthesis of cyclic drugs with side derivatives along with checking and validation of mimicking of these drugs to all the receptors in human cells and their agonistic and antagonistic action on human body.The symptoms of patients along with disease should be proeprly analysed along with pedigree analysis and situations in which the person is suffering from diseases.
In sociology and society various statistical parameters along with action,pharmacodynamics,pharmacokinetics, and halflife of drugs should be carefully studied along with excretion and metabolism of drugs in body. The patients other disease scenarios should be carefully analysed before prescribing drugs in the form of statistical tests of mean,mode and median calculation,t-tests,F-tests and other variance,co-variance and correlation and regression tests governing the parameters and carefull analysis of values with calculation of calorific value of food and basal metabolic index of humans under diagnosis with diseases.