II. Create the following formal and informal fallacies: 1. A hypothetical syllog
ID: 3491878 • Letter: I
Question
II. Create the following formal and informal fallacies:
1. A hypothetical syllogism that contains a formal fallacy (see the “apes” argument given earlier in this section)
2. An informal fallacy similar to the Brooklyn Bridge argument given earlier in this section.
IV. Create the following informal fallacies:
1. An appeal to force dealing with an automobile collision
2. An appeal to pity about hiring someone for a job
3. An appeal to fear related to immigration
4. A bandwagon argument dealing with alcoholic beverages
5. An ad hominem abusive related to politics
6. An ad hominem circumstantial about gender identity
7. A tu quoque connected with diet and exercise
8. A red herring dealing with climate change
Explanation / Answer
A Fallacy is a defect in an argument that arises from either a mistake in reasoning or the creation of an illusion. It makes a bad argument appear good. Fallacies are usually of two types: formal and informal.
Formal fallacy: It is defined as a fallacy that can be identified by examining the form or structure of an argument. It is found in deductive argument.
Example: Fallacy in hypothetical syllogism:
If apes are intelligent,
then apes can solve puzzles
Apes can solve puzzles
Therefore, apes are intelligent.
If A then B
B
A-
Informal fallacy: It is found in inductive argument. It can be detected only by examining the content of the argument.
Example: The Brooklyn Bridge is made of atoms.
Atoms are invisible
Therefore, the Brooklyn Bridge is invisible.
A chess player is a person.
Therefore, a bad chess player is a bad person