Animation: Hemostasis thus 1. Following damage, there is an immediate reflex tha
ID: 3504433 • Letter: A
Question
Animation: Hemostasis thus 1. Following damage, there is an immediate reflex that promotes diminishing blood loss. Exposed When platelets adhere to the damaged vessel, th granules, which contain to adhere 2. ey undergo degranulation and release cytoplasmic (a vasoconstrictor), and and from the damaged site wil promote the 3. 4. The positive feedback promotes the formation of a 5. The final hemostatic mechanism is 6. Damaged tissue initiates the mechanism, whereas active platelets initiate the mechanism. 7. Prothrombin activator converts 8. Thrombin converts 9. Fibrin to to mesh, but then factor XIll causes the formation of covalent cross links, which of fibers. initially forms a loose and convert fibrin to a become caught in this mesh of fiber, thus the formation of a Animation: Cytotoxic Type Il hypersensitivity (Blood type incompatibility) 1. There are 4 basic blood groups based onon the surfaces of RBCs. 2. The serum (blood plasma without cottnactors o peole with Type A blood contains antibodies against on the surfac antigens and the serum of people with Type 8 blood contains antibodies against antigens Type AB serum contains both 3. and O serum contains antibodies against and antigens. 4. If blood from a person who is Type B is transfused into a person who is Type A, antibodies present in the antigens on the incoming RBCs. This leads to from a person who is Type A is transfused into a person who is Type 8, antibodies present in the of these cells blood react with antigens on the incoming RBCs. This leads to Persons who are lack A and B antigens on the surface of their RBCs and are therefore called 6. of these cells. 7. Persons with Type A8 blood lack against A or B antigens and therefore calledExplanation / Answer
Following damage, there is an immediate reflex which promotes vasoconstriction that minimises the blood loss. Exposed endothelium from the damaged site will promote the platelets to adhere. When platelets adhere, they undergo cytoplasmic degranulation and realease Thromboxane A2 ( vasoconstrictor), Platelet Adhesion Factor and ADP. The positive feedback mechanism stimulatesbthe formation of the Platelet plug. The final hemostatic mechanism is formation of the fibrin clot/coagulation. Damaged tissue initiates the extrinsic mechanism whereas the active plaletes activate the intrinsic mechanism. Prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to thrombin. Thrombin converts Fibrinogen to Fibrin monomers. And later Fibrin mesh. Fibrin initially forms a loose meshwork but then Factor XIII cases the formation of covalent cross links which convert it to fibrin meshwork/polymerized fibrin. Platelets and other blood cells get entangled in this mesh and form the blood clot. There are 4 basic blood groups depending upon the antigens present on the surface of the blood cells. The serum of blood group of blood group A people contains antibodies against B antigen and the serum of type B people contaicontains antibodies against anti bodies against A antigen. Type AB contains both A and B antigens and O serum contains antibodies against both A and B antigens. If blood from a person with blood group B is transfused into a person of blood group A, antibodies in blood group A reaction with the incoming B antigens. This leads to agglutination of blood. If blood from Type A is transfused into a type B person, antibodies in the Type B person react against the incoming A antigen. This leads to agglutination of blood. Persons who are Type A lack A and B antigens and are thus called Universal Donors. This is because they cannot elicit a reaction when infused into any of the blood groups. Persons with Type AB lack antibodies against A or B antigens and are thus called Universal Receivers. This is because they can receive blood from any blood group without undergoing agglutination.