Please answer all questions and provide an explanation for the correct choices.
ID: 3515432 • Letter: P
Question
Please answer all questions and provide an explanation for the correct choices.
8. Considering blood glucose regulation which statement is NOT correct?
A. Low glucose levels coincide with increase of glycosylation of hemoglobin in blood.
B. In type I diabetes, glucagon-stimulated metabolism causes increase in ketone bodies formation (ketoacidosis).
C. Elevated epinephrine levels increase blood glucose levels.
D. Elevated secretion from adrenal medulla elevates blood glucose levels.
E. Insulin and leptin are involved in control of satiety.
9. Considering thyroxin production, which statement is NOT correct?
A. Thyroxin biosynthesis requires synthesis and modification of thyroglobulin.
B. Requires transport of iodine across the plasma membrane.
C. Requires presence of enzyme peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide.
D. Requires iodination of tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin.
E. Requires digestion of colloid in the luminal space of follicle.
10. With consideration of Vitamin D, which of the statements is FALSE?
A. UV irradiation is required for formation of bioactive Vitamin D.
B. Vitamin D and its precursors are present in circulation bound to the Binding Protein.
C. Vitamin D elevates levels of calcium-binding protein in enterocytes.
D. Last step of Vitamin D modification leading to bioactive form 1, 25- (OH)2 D takes place in liver.
E. Vitamin D directly regulates osteoblast activity.
11. Correctly complete the following sentence: Chromaffin cells…….
a. are derived from epithelia and secrete epidermal growth factor.
b. secrete angiotensinogen I in response to epinephrine.
c. are derived from neural crest and secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine.
d. stimulate the adrenal cortex to produce ACTH
12. Considering synthesis of catecholamines which of the statements are CORRECT?
A. Tyrosine is a starting compound for the synthesis of catecholamines.
B. Granules contain in addition to catecholamines, proteins called chromogranins.
C. Initial steps of catecholamine synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm.
D. Final steps of synthesis of norepinephrine and epinephrine take place in the storage granules
E. Enzyme dopamine beta hydroxylase is involved in the synthesis of norepinephrine from dopamine.
1. A, B &C are correct
2. C, D&E are correct
3. All the above
4. None of above.
Explanation / Answer
Ans. 8.
The choice is (a).
There is increase glycosylation of hemoglobin in blood(HbA1c) in the case of high blood glucose and not in low glucose levels. HbA1c should be less than 7% but it is more than 7% in case of high glucose levels in blood.
Ans. 9.
The choice is (C)
Thyroxine production requires presence of enzyme peroxidase and not hydrogen peroxide.
Ans. 10.
The choice is (D).
The last step of Vitamin D modification leading to biactive form 1-25 OH 2D takes place in KIDNEY and not in liver. The first step takes place in liver.
Ans. 11.
The choice is (C).
Chromaffin cells are derived from neural crest and secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine. They are found in adrenal medulla and are related to sympathetic nervous system.
Ans. 12.
The choice is (3)
All the above are correct in catecholamine synthesis.