Instructions: For the clinical conditions listed below, please provide the follo
ID: 3515796 • Letter: I
Question
Instructions: For the clinical conditions listed below, please provide the following information in the tables, using relevant information from lecture:
-Is the cause of this condition primary or secondary to the thyroid gland? Or possibly both?
-What possible or known causes have we discussed?
-Does this condition lead to hyper or hypothyroidism?
-What are the results of this condition on TH Levels?
-What is the TSH level as secreted from thyrotopes (T), overall TSH in the body (O)?
-Does this condition lead to a goiter?
Toxic Multinodular Goiter:
Grave's Disease:
Choriocarcinoma:
Pituitary Adenoma:
Myxedema (in adult):
Cretinism (Juvenile Myxedema):
Dietary Iodide Deficiency:
Explanation / Answer
Toxic multinodular goiter: it is most common cause of hyperthyroidism in there is excess productionof thyroid hormones from functionally autonomous thyroid nodules, which do not require stimulation from thyroid stimulating hormone. It is the second most common cause of hyperthyroidism in developed countries and and most common cause of iodine deficiency in developing countries. However, iodine deficiency can cause goitre, within a goitre ,nodules can develop. Introduction of thyroid cell hyperplasia due to low levels of T4. Increased replication predispises to risk of mutation in the TSH receptor. If the mutated TSH receptor is constitively active, it would then become toxic and produces T3/T4 leading to hyperthyroidism.
Grave's disease: also known as toxic diffuse goitre is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid. It is most common cause of primary hyperthyroidism. It often results in enlarged thyroid. The disorder results from an antibody called thyroud stimulating immunoglobin that has similar effect to thyroid stimulating hormone. The thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin antibodies cause the thyroid gland to produce excess of thyroid hormone.
Myxedema(in adult): is term used for severe hypothyroidism. Also occurs in person with grave's disease.
Cretinism: is a congenital hypothyroidism. It mostly causes iodine deficiency and also causes gradual enlargement of thyroid gland referred to as goitre.
Dietary iodine deficiency: lack of iodine element which causes goitre and sometimes it causes endemic goitre as well as cretinism due to untreated congenital hypothyroidism. It gives rise high level of thyroid stimulating hormone.