Physiological Ecology see attached article below * 1. In the background section
ID: 3518588 • Letter: P
Question
Physiological Ecology
see attached article below *
1. In the background section the authors wrote “Despite isolated heart preparations being a valuable tool, proper anatomical relationships can be compromised when the lungs are removed.” According to the article, what is a disadvantage of using isolated heart preparations? (1 point)
2. In the background section the authors wrote “Here we describe expanding these experimental approaches to incorporate intact large mammal heart-lung blocs, including both human and swine specimens.” According to the article, why did they want to study the heart and the lung? (1 point)
3. In the results and discussion section the authors wrote “Additionally, recorded data from several hearts elicited negative values for end-diastolic pressures; ...” Which specimen numbers does this apply to? (1 point)
4. In the results and discussion section the authors wrote “Interestingly, we also speculated that the addition of the lungs may possibly extend the functionality of isolated reanimated preparations, a theory that we tend to believe at this point but need more data to substantiate.” Is the use of the word theory correct in this sentence? (1 point)
5. How do you know that your answer to question 4 is correct? (1 point)
6. In the results and discussion section the authors wrote “Likewise, in our studies the heart-lung blocs are cradled on soft foam sponges which may somewhat focally alter perfusion compared to the natural state; also the pericardium has been removed.” What exactly is being focally altered? Saying perfusion is not being exact enough. (1 point)
7. In the conclusion section the authors wrote “However, it was often observed that cardiac performance (i.e., blood pressure) was somewhat reduced in these preparations compared to their in situ, native behaviors (Table 1 and 2).” What do the authors mean by “in situ, native behaviors”? (1 point)
8. In the conclusion section the authors wrote “This is likely due in part to the hypoxic environment induced by replacing blood with a clear perfusate, but it is related to the lack of autonomic system innervation.” What two things does this statement imply about real blood? (1 point)
9. In the conclusion section the authors wrote “This is likely due in part to the hypoxic environment induced by replacing blood with a clear perfusate, but it is related to the lack of autonomic system innervation.” What body system is implied by the words “autonomic system innervation”? (1 point)
10. How do you know that your answer to question 9 is correct? (1 point)
*Refernece*
https://bmcphysiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12899-016-0023-2
Explanation / Answer
1. The disadvantage of isolated heart preparation is that it is hemodynamic and other functional conditions are altered from the invivo situation.
2. They want to study the heart and lung because the blood the from arteries return to heart from lungs and body.
3. It is applied to specimen 1 and 2 and this is due to vacuum or syphoning effect.
4. Yes, the use of word theory is correct.
5. This is because the isolated preparations are based in theories.
6. The heart- lung blocks are exactly and focally altered.
7. This is due to hypoxic environment induced by replacing blood with clear perfusate.
8. The real blood is replacement of old one with the clear perfusate.
9. The body system is in hypoxic environment.
10. Because replacement of blood occurs in hypoxic environment.