This chapter discusses the biological and sociocultural factors associated with
ID: 3523382 • Letter: T
Question
This chapter discusses the biological and sociocultural factors associated with sexual orientation. Why are twin studies the most promising type of research on the genetic basis of sexual orientation? Summarize the analysis of these studies, and show whether it presently appears that sexual orientation results from genetic differences, sociocultural practices and experiences, or both. This chapter discusses the biological and sociocultural factors associated with sexual orientation. Why are twin studies the most promising type of research on the genetic basis of sexual orientation? Summarize the analysis of these studies, and show whether it presently appears that sexual orientation results from genetic differences, sociocultural practices and experiences, or both.Explanation / Answer
The twin studies are the most promising type of research on the genetic basis of sexual orientation as identical twins inherit the same genes. This can shed light on a possible genetic cause. Studies on twins have established that same sexual orientation (e.g - homosexuality) is more common in identical (monozygotic) twins than in non-identical (dizygotic) twins. This proves that sexual orientation can be inherited.
However, the extent of the inheritance between twins was lower than expected. These findings contribute to the notion that although sexual orientation can be inherited, this does not occur according to the rules of classical genetics. Rather, it occurs through another mechanism, known as epigenetics.
Epigenetics relates to the influence of environmental factors on genes, either in the uterus or after birth. The field of epigenetics was developed after new methods were found that identify the molecular mechanisms (epi-marks) that mediate the effect of the environment on gene expression.
Epi-marks are usually erased from generation to generation. But under certain circumstances, they may be passed on to the next generation.
Also, there may be a little effect of sociocultural practices and experiences on sexual orientation of an individual. For example a child mainly develops a mentality what he or she is taught in their childhood. So, such factors may also affects one's sexual orientation.
Conclusion : Human sexual orientation is a complex trait, influenced by several genes, experiential and sociocultural factors. These elements interact and produce a typical pattern of sexual orientation towards the opposite sex. No findings have emerged that permit scientists to conclude that sexual orientation – heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality – is determined by any particular factor.