CTQ 1. Even though the lymphatic system is a component of the circulatory system
ID: 3524776 • Letter: C
Question
CTQ
1. Even though the lymphatic system is a component of the circulatory system, why the term circulation is not the most accurate term to describe the flow of lymph?
2. Explain how lymph is formed. Discuss the importance of valves in the lymphatic system!
3. Explain the role of the lymphatic system in the spread of breast cancer and surgical treatment.
4. How would you explain how the several types of T-cells can fine-tune the immune system?
5. Discuss why developing of cancer can be “described” as failure of immune system?
6. Make distinction between inherited and acquired immunity?
CASE STUDY
Case Study: A 55-year old female patient complains with weakness, fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, and dizziness. Here is what was report it on her chart: heart rate of 96b/min, BP = 148/54 mm Hg, her radial pulse is very strong and abrupt; her heart sounds abnormal with a long diastolic murmur at R sternal margin in the second intercostal space. ECG (aka EKG) shows severe aortic regurgitation am an enlarged left ventricle.
Questions:
1. Why does an incompetent aortic valve causa a diastolic murmur? Explain.
2. Why the patient is systolic, blood pressure is abnormally high and her diastolic pressure is abnormally low?
3. The additional muscle of the patient has enlarged L ventricle means that it requires more oxygen. Which arteries are most important for supplying this ventricle?
4. Although she has a high systolic BP, her heart rate is also high. This is most likely due to what? Explain.
Explanation / Answer
1.lymph is a component of circulatory system.
Lymphatic circulation is not widely considered similar to circulatory system.Because function of circulatory system is to transport mineral, nutrients,oxygen to the different bidy parts and carbondioxide, amonia,and other waste material through blood from body. whereas function of lymphatic circulation is to transport fluid containing infection - fighting white blood cells into blood. Unlike circulatory system lymphatic system is not a closed system.
2. Lymphopoiesis is the generation of lymph containing lymphoide cells.lymph is formed by collection of interstitial fluid( fluid lies in bidy tissues).
valves are very important in lymphatic flow as they prevent backflow of lymph orfluid.
3. After breaking of cancerous cells, they can travel to several body parts by bloodstream and lymphatic fluid. Thus lymph can contribute in
Metastasis.
4. There are three types of T-cells namely T helper cells(Th-cells),T- cytotoxic cells(Tc-cells) and T-suppressor cells(Ts- cells).
T-cytoticic cells a part of immediate immune system and perform cell killing.
T-helper cells activate B cells to produce antibodies. Activate macrophages and T cytotoxic cells.
T suppressor cells function in surprising auto active t cells.
5. Function of immune system is to identify a foreign element and eliminated from body.
A failure in immune system in case of cancerous cells stop recognising self cells and foreign cells. Immune cells consider cancerous cell as their own cells and functions as protecting them thus spreading cancer.
6. Inherited immunity is obtained from Mother directly. Foetus get immunity cells from present of mother and Infant get immunity cells from milk secreted by mammary glands.
Acquired immunity is not inherited it is developed by body after birth due to exposure of foriegn substance.
CASE STUDY
1. Diastolic Murmur is due to turbulent flow through bicuspid and tricuspid valves and Rapid filling rate.
2. Systolic blood pressure is high because of over thyroidism and arteries stiffness.
Diastolic blood pressure is order to meet muscles oxygen demand.
3.Right Coronary artery supply bolld to left ventricle.
4. Heart beat rate is faster due to demand of oxygen. And blood pressure is higher due to thickness of walls of blood vessels.