I have to change python program to C++ program # Tic-Tac-Toe # Plays the game of
ID: 3574122 • Letter: I
Question
I have to change python program to C++ program
# Tic-Tac-Toe
# Plays the game of tic-tac-toe against a human opponent
# global constants
X = "X"
O = "O"
EMPTY = " "
TIE = "TIE"
NUM_SQUARES = 9
def display_instruct():
"""Display game instructions."""
print(
"""
Welcome to the greatest intellectual challenge of all time: Tic-Tac-Toe.
This will be a showdown between your human brain and my silicon processor.
You will make your move known by entering a number, 0 - 8. The number
will correspond to the board position as illustrated:
0 | 1 | 2
---------
3 | 4 | 5
---------
6 | 7 | 8
Prepare yourself, human. The ultimate battle is about to begin.
"""
)
def ask_yes_no(question):
"""Ask a yes or no question."""
response = None
while response not in ("y", "n"):
response = input(question).lower()
return response
def ask_number(question, low, high):
"""Ask for a number within a range."""
response = None
while response not in range(low, high):
response = int(input(question))
return response
def pieces():
"""Determine if player or computer goes first."""
go_first = ask_yes_no("Do you require the first move? (y/n): ")
if go_first == "y":
print(" Then take the first move. You will need it.")
human = X
computer = O
else:
print(" Your bravery will be your undoing... I will go first.")
computer = X
human = O
return computer, human
def new_board():
"""Create new game board."""
board = []
for square in range(NUM_SQUARES):
board.append(EMPTY)
return board
def display_board(board):
"""Display game board on screen."""
print(" ", board[0], "|", board[1], "|", board[2])
print(" ", "---------")
print(" ", board[3], "|", board[4], "|", board[5])
print(" ", "---------")
print(" ", board[6], "|", board[7], "|", board[8], " ")
def legal_moves(board):
"""Create list of legal moves."""
moves = []
for square in range(NUM_SQUARES):
if board[square] == EMPTY:
moves.append(square)
return moves
def winner(board):
"""Determine the game winner."""
WAYS_TO_WIN = ((0, 1, 2),
(3, 4, 5),
(6, 7, 8),
(0, 3, 6),
(1, 4, 7),
(2, 5, 8),
(0, 4, 8),
(2, 4, 6))
for row in WAYS_TO_WIN:
if board[row[0]] == board[row[1]] == board[row[2]] != EMPTY:
winner = board[row[0]]
return winner
if EMPTY not in board:
return TIE
return None
def human_move(board, human):
"""Get human move."""
legal = legal_moves(board)
move = None
while move not in legal:
move = ask_number("Where will you move? (0 - 8):", 0, NUM_SQUARES)
if move not in legal:
print(" That square is already occupied, foolish human. Choose another. ")
print("Fine...")
return move
def computer_move(board, computer, human):
"""Make computer move."""
# make a copy to work with since function will be changing list
board = board[:]
# the best positions to have, in order
BEST_MOVES = (4, 0, 2, 6, 8, 1, 3, 5, 7)
print("I shall take square number", end=" ")
# if computer can win, take that move
for move in legal_moves(board):
board[move] = computer
if winner(board) == computer:
print(move)
return move
# done checking this move, undo it
board[move] = EMPTY
# if human can win, block that move
for move in legal_moves(board):
board[move] = human
if winner(board) == human:
print(move)
return move
# done checkin this move, undo it
board[move] = EMPTY
# since no one can win on next move, pick best open square
for move in BEST_MOVES:
if move in legal_moves(board):
print(move)
return move
def next_turn(turn):
"""Switch turns."""
if turn == X:
return O
else:
return X
def congrat_winner(the_winner, computer, human):
"""Congratulate the winner."""
if the_winner != TIE:
print(the_winner, "won! ")
else:
print("It's a tie! ")
if the_winner == computer:
print("As I predicted, human, I am triumphant once more. "
"Proof that computers are superior to humans in all regards.")
elif the_winner == human:
print("No, no! It cannot be! Somehow you tricked me, human. "
"But never again! I, the computer, so swear it!")
elif the_winner == TIE:
print("You were most lucky, human, and somehow managed to tie me. "
"Celebrate today... for this is the best you will ever achieve.")
def main():
display_instruct()
computer, human = pieces()
turn = X
board = new_board()
display_board(board)
while not winner(board):
if turn == human:
move = human_move(board, human)
board[move] = human
else:
move = computer_move(board, computer, human)
board[move] = computer
display_board(board)
turn = next_turn(turn)
the_winner = winner(board)
congrat_winner(the_winner, computer, human)
# start the program
main()
input(" Press the enter key to quit.")
Explanation / Answer
Please find below the TicTacToe game in .cpp with comments for your better understanding. Output is also shown below:
TicTacToe.cpp :
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;
enum players { Computer, Human, Draw, None };
const int iWin[6][3] = { { 0, 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5 }, { 6, 7, 8 }, { 0, 3, 6 }, { 1, 4, 7 }, { 2, 5, 8 } };
class titato //class titato declared here
{
public:
titato() { _p = rand() % 2; reset(); }
void play() // play() function
{
int res = Draw;
while( true ) //while loop starts here
{
drawGrid();
while( true )
{
if( _p ) getHumanMove();
else getComputerMove();
drawGrid();
res = checkVictory();
if( res != None ) break;
++_p %= 2;
}
if( res == Human ) cout << "CONGRATULATIONS HUMAN --- You won!"; //Print section
else if( res == Computer ) cout << "NOT SO MUCH A SURPRISE --- I won!"; //Print section
else cout << "It's a draw!";
cout << endl << endl;
string r;
cout << "Play again( Y / N )? "; cin >> r;
if( r != "Y" && r != "y" ) return;
++_p %= 2;
reset();
}
}
private: // private area
void reset()
{
for( int x = 0; x < 9; x++ )
_field[x] = None;
}
void drawGrid()
{
system( "cls" ); //system clear
COORD c = { 0, 2 };
SetConsoleCursorPosition( GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE ), c );
cout << " 1 | 2 | 3 " << endl; //structure of the tictactoe game
cout << "---+---+---" << endl;
cout << " 4 | 5 | 6 " << endl;
cout << "---+---+---" << endl;
cout << " 7 | 8 | 9 " << endl << endl << endl;
int f = 0;
for( int y = 0; y < 5; y += 2 )
for( int x = 1; x < 11; x += 4 )
{
if( _field[f] != None )
{
COORD c = { x, 2 + y };
SetConsoleCursorPosition( GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE ), c );
string o = _field[f] == Computer ? "X" : "O";
cout << o;
}
f++;
}
c.Y = 9;
SetConsoleCursorPosition( GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE ), c );
}
int checkVictory() //Victory will be checked here
for( int i = 0; i < 6; i++ )
{
if( _field[iWin[i][0]] != None &&
_field[iWin[i][0]] == _field[iWin[i][1]] && _field[iWin[i][1]] == _field[iWin[i][2]] )
{
return _field[iWin[i][0]];
}
}
int i = 0;
for( int f = 0; f < 9; f++ )
{
if( _field[f] != None )
i++;
}
if( i == 9 ) return Draw;
return None;
}
void getHumanMove() //getHumanMove() function
{
int m;
cout << "Please enter your move ( 1 - 9 ) "; // User need to enter the move between 1-9
while( true )
{
m = 0;
do
{ cin >> m; }
while( m < 1 && m > 9 );
if( _field[m - 1] != None )
cout << "Invalid move. Try again!" << endl;
else break;
}
_field[m - 1] = Human;
}
void getComputerMove() //getComputerMove() function
{
int move = 0;
do{ move = rand() % 9; } //do-while loop starts here
while( _field[move] != None );
for( int i = 0; i < 6; i++ )
{
int try1 = iWin[i][0], try2 = iWin[i][1], try3 = iWin[i][2];
if( _field[try1] != None && _field[try1] == _field[try2] && _field[try3] == None )
{
move = try3;
if( _field[try1] == Computer ) break;
}
if( _field[try1] != None && _field[try1] == _field[try3] && _field[try2] == None )
{
move = try2;
if( _field[try1] == Computer ) break;
}
if( _field[try2] != None && _field[try2] == _field[try3] && _field[try1] == None )
{
move = try1;
if( _field[try2] == Computer ) break;
}
}
_field[move] = Computer;
}
int _p;
int _field[9];
};
int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
srand( GetTickCount() ); // GetTickCount() function
titato tic;
tic.play();
return 0;
}
Output:
The Computer plays 'X' and human plays 'O'
1 | 2 | X
---+---+---
X | 5 | 6
---+---+---
7 | O | 9
Please enter your move ( 1 - 9 )