Imagine that three networks -- Network A, Network B, and Network C -- are connec
ID: 3592293 • Letter: I
Question
Imagine that three networks -- Network A, Network B, and Network C -- are connected to each other with one router between Network A and Network B, and rotuer between Network B and Network C. Further imagine, and that the MAC and IPv4 addresses of each network adapter are configured as illustrated in the above figure.
QUESTION:
Imagine that Computer A successfully sends an IPv4 packet to Computer C, that there are no errors on any frame or packet during the transmission, and that the ARP cache on all computers and routers has been fully populated before the packet is sent. Identify any data-link layer frame(s) that are created in this scenario. For each frame, identify the adapter it originates from and the adapter it is addressed to, explain why it was created, and provide its source and destination MAC address and source and destination IPv4 address.
Configuration of Two Nonadjacent Networks Network Adapter BC1 Network Adapter BC2 MAC: 74-2E-EF4701-01 MAC: EB-1D-28-14-3D-2A IPv4: 105.16.16.210/23 IPv4:210.106.45.213/24 Network Adapter C Network Adapter A MAC: 44-E9-F7-A5-2B-C4 MAC: 49-SE-B4-E8-34-FE MAC: FD-93-BF-39-B8-16 M P4: 56.74.238.197/22 P Network Adapter AB1 Network Adapter A B2 MAC F8-5D-78-E7-6A-81 IPv4: 56.74.238.5/22 P4: 105,16.16.128/23 10 5.16.16,210/23 IPu4 210.106.45.213/24 IPv4: 210.106.45.56/2 IPv4: 210.106.45.56/24 Computer A Router AB Router BC Computer C Network A Network B Network CExplanation / Answer
In a Layer 2 network, broadcasting refers to sending traffic to all nodes on a network.
Layer 2 broadcast traffic stays within a local area network (LAN) boundary: known as the broadcast domain. Layer 2 broadcast broadcast traffic sent to the broadcast domain using a MAC address FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF. Every device in the broadcast doamin recognizes this MAC address and passes the broadcast traffic on to the other devices in the broadcast domain, if applicable. Broadcasting can be compared to unicasting(sending traffic to single node) or multicasting(delivering traffic to a group of nodes simultaneously).
Layer 3 broadcast traffic, however is sent to all the nodes present in the network using a broadcast network address.
Data-link layer frames are created for broadcasting purposes, which is used in following situations:
1) Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) uses broadcasting to map MAC addresses to IP addresses, ARP dynamically binds the IP address to the correct MAC address. Before IP unicast packets can be sent, ARP discovers the MAC address used by the Ethernet interface where the IP address is configured.
2) DHCP uses broadcasting to dynamically assign IP addresses to hosts on a network segment or subnet.
3) Routing Protocols use broadcasting to advertise routes.
Excessive broadcast traffic can sometimes create a broadcast storm. A broadcast storm occurs when messages are broadcast on a network and each message prompts a receiving node to respond by broadcasting its own messages on the network. This, in turn, prompts further responses that create a snowball effect. The LAN is suddenly flooded with packets, creating unnecessary traffic that leads to poor network performance or even a complete loss of network service.
In our question, a network frame, let it be frame1 originates from Netwrok Adapter A and is destined for Network Adapter AB1 and its source must be Computer A.
A network frame, let it be frame2 originates from Netwrok Adapter C and is destined for Network Adapter BC2 and its source must be Computer C.
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