Student Outcome \"f\": the broad education necessary to understand the impact of
ID: 3686244 • Letter: S
Question
Student Outcome "f": the broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global, economic, environmental, and societal context. Topics Cyberspace Security Transportation Infrastructure You may suggest an engineering topic other than the two listed, but prior approval is needed from the professor. Other topics cannot be "clean water" and "global warming." For each of the topics abuse, you are to do the following State the engineering problem. Discuss engineering solutions #1. Describe the pros and cons of the engineering solution. Describe the societal impact of engineering solution #1. Describe the global impart of engineering solution #1. Describe the environmental impact of engineering solution #1. Describe the economic impact of engineering solution #1. Discuss engineering solution #2. Describe the pros and cons of the engineering solution. Describe die societal impact of engineering solution #2. Describe the global impart of engineering solution #2. Describe the environmental impact of engineering solution #2. Describe the economic impact of engineering solution #2. All of the above items are to the addressed for each topic separately.Explanation / Answer
Topics
a)Cyberspace security:
Cyberspace has been in our lexicon for two decades,used it to describe “a consensual hallucination” in his science fiction novel,but there certainly is no consensus on its meaning in the world of the 21.
The government attempt to define its meaning in the real, operational world.cyberspace has already reached the point where an increasingly wide range of social, political, economic, and military activities are dependent on it and thus are vulnerable to both interruption of its use and usurpation of its capabilities.
This chapter offers definitions of both cyberspace and cyberpower, suggests some of the ways they relate to and impact other domains, and explores how they are shaping new operational concepts such as information operations, new technological combinations such as the global information grid, and other instruments of power.
cyberspace is a manmade environment, this situation is actually no different from any of the other four domains. We also need manmade technologies to enter and exploit the other domains, the only difference being that we can more easily see and sense those domains.
b)Societal impact of Engineering solution:
What Engineers do in creating, designing, building,
implementing… has an extensive impact on society.
*Many impacts are desired and anticipated
* Many times this impact is unanticipated
Engineers have a responsibility to:
Electrical & Computer Engineering Societal Impact of Engineering I
* Inform society of the positive and negative implications of particular technological solutions
* Obtain societal approval before implementing a solution
Societal Impact:
• Power
• Automobile
• Airplanes
• Radio
• Electrical & Computer Engineering Societal Impact of Engineering
• Television
• Microwave oven
• Computers
• Internet
• Video/DVD
• Cell phones
• Internet
• Technology media
* Trade journals (IEEE Spectrum), newspapers (NY Times:
Science section), and other technical journals
• IEEE Society on Social Implications of Technology
Electrical & Computer Engineering Societal Impact of Engineering I
*also publishes Technology and Society Magazine
• Patent office
• Talk to senior engineers
Impact of engineering in a global:
• Is familiar with the current trends and developments in electrical and computer engineering
• Respects the historical aspects of engineering solutions and their impacts
• Reads and is familiar with the content of periodicals that are relevant to understanding the global and societal impact of engineering
• Has a personal perspective on the importance of engineering and technology in today's world
• Demonstrates ability to learn independently and goes beyond what is required in completing an assignment and brings information from outside sources into assignments
• Learns from mistakes and practices continuous improvement
• Demonstrates capability to think for one's self
• Demonstrates responsibility for creating one's own learning opportunities
• Is able to understand, interpret, and apply learned materials and concepts in a format different from theory or classroom
• Participates and takes a leadership role in professional and technical societies
Environmental Engineering:
Environmental engineers study the effect of technological advances on the environment. To do so, they conduct studies on hazardous-waste management to evaluate the significance of such hazards, advise on treatment and containment, and develop regulations to prevent mishaps.
Environmental engineers also design municipal water supply and industrial wastewater treatment systems
Environmental engineering can also be described as a branch of applied science and technology that addresses the issue of energy preservation, production asset and control of waste from human and animal activities.
Furthermore, it is concerned with finding plausible solutions in the field of public health, such as waterborne diseases, implementing laws which promote adequate sanitation in urban, rural and recreational areas.
It involves waste water management and air pollution control, recycling, waste disposal, radiation protection, industrial hygiene, environmental sustainability, and public health issues as well as a knowledge of environmental engineering law.
It also includes studies on the environmental impact of proposed construction projects.
Impact of engineering in a Economic:
It usually measures changes in business revenue, business profits, personal wages, and/or jobs. The economic event analyzed can include implementation of a new policy or project, or may simply be the presence of a business or organization.
An economic impact analysis is commonly conducted when there is public concern about the potential impacts of a proposed project or policy
An economic impact analysis typically measures or estimates the change in economic activity between two scenarios, one assuming the economic event occurs, and one assuming it does not occur.
An economic impact analysis attempts to measure or estimate the change in economic activity in a specified region, caused by a specific business, organization, policy, program, project, activity, or other economic event.
Types of Economic Impacts:
Economic impact analyses often estimate multiple types of impacts. An output impact is the total increase in business sales revenue.
In turn, local businesses use some of this new revenue to pay for goods and services outside of the study region, so the output impact is not synonymous with local business profits.
a)Sources of Economic Impacts:
economic impact analyses often estimate the sources of the impacts. Each impact can be decomposed into different components, depending on the effect that caused the impact.
Direct effects are the results of the money initially spent in the study region by the business or organization being studied.
This includes money spent to pay for salaries, supplies, raw materials, and operating expenses.
b)Methodology:
Economic impact analyses usually employ one of two methods for determining impacts. The first is an input-output model (I/O model) for analyzing the regional economy.
These models rely on inter-industry data to determine how effects in one industry will impact other sectors. In addition, I/O models also estimate the share of each industry's purchases that are supplied by local firms.
c)Comparison to Other Analyses:
An economic impact analysis only covers specific types of economic activity. Some social impacts that affect a region's quality of life, such as safety and pollution, may be analyzed as part of a social impact assessment, but not an economic impact analysis, even if the economic value of those factors could be quantified.
d)Applications:
Economic impact analyses are often used to examine the consequences of economic development projects and efforts, such as real estate development, business openings and closures, and site selection projects.
Transportation infrastructure:
The APGCI consists of strategic transportation infrastructure projects specifically to support the region’s principal road and intermodal connections, key border crossings, and major Canadian ports.
Approximately $CDN 1.4 billion in federal investments in public infrastructure have been either announced or completed including road/rail grade separations, new and expanded bridges, and the twinning of important sections of the Trans-Canada Highway.
Key to the success of many APCGI infrastructure projects has been the Government of Canada’s commitment to a systems-based approach to maximize the impacts of investments.
In addition to infrastructure investments, the APGCI has also included extensive public engagement, important regulatory and operational reforms, and extensive analyses of the region’s transportation network to better prepare for future transportation and trade pressures.
Societal impact of Engineering solution:
The social impacts of transport and their distributional effects across various segmentsof society have traditionally been viewed as secondary or even tertiary concernsrelative to economic and environmental impacts. Recognising the relative lack of
academic and policy attention in this area and the tendency for research findings to befragmented across a number different disciplines, this TSU working paper synthesisesand critically evaluates the currently disparate literatures regarding the social and
distributional impacts of transport, transport disadvantage for particular social groups,and wider interactions with transport poverty and social exclusion.
It summariseswhat is known about these issues at the present time, identifies gaps in the knowledgebase, reflects on some of the patterns evident in the literature and highlightsopportunities for further research, thus serving as a resource.
Social Impacts and Distributional Effects of Transport:
social impacts of transport and their distribution effects within the available literatures. The section is structured on an ‘impact-by-impact’ basis, and is primarily ordered from the most commonly to the
least studied issue based on our literature search, although we have also grouped them by theme to some extent. However, it is vital to note at this point that the regularity with which a given impact
is studied and/or appears within the transport and associated literatures does not denote either the level or extent of its impact or the degree of its distributional inequities across different vulnerable social groups within society.