Part 1 Glossary Terms - Introduction to Computer Programming Define, in detail,
ID: 3742577 • Letter: P
Question
Part 1 Glossary Terms - Introduction to Computer Programming
Define, in detail, each of these glossary terms from the realm of computer programming logic and design and computer topics, in general. If applicable, use examples to support your definitions. Consult your notes or course textbook(s) as references or the Internet by visiting Web sites such as:
http://www.ask.com
http://www.webopedia.com
http://www.bing.com
(a) Compiler
(b) Computational Thinking
(c) High - Level Language
(d) Moore’s Law
(e) Transistor
Part 2 Exercises - Introduction to Computer Programming
Enter T for True or F for False.
_____ (1) The information age began in the 1940's, with human activity shifting from traditional industry to creating / managing / using computerized information.
_____ (2) Society's transformation due to computers is nearly complete.
_____ (3) The industrial age started in the late 1700's and transformed civilization towards manufacturing goods, leading to mass migration of the populace to cities.
_____ (4) Consider the instruction: z = x - y . If y is 20 and x is 10 , then z is assigned with 10 .
_____ (5) Consider the instruction: z = x + y . If x is 10 and y is 20 , then z is assigned with 30 .
Part 3 Programming Exercises - Introduction to Computer Programming
(1) ( Computer Instructions )
Which pseudocode instruction completes the program to compute a triangle's area?
base = Get next input
height = Get next input
Assign x with base * height
(a) Put x to output (b) Multiply x by 2
(c) Add 2 to x (d) Multiply x by 1 / 2
(2) ( Computer Instructions )
Which instruction completes the program to compute the average of three numbers?
x = Get next input
y = Get next input
z = Get next input
__________
Put a to output
(a) a = (x + y + z) / 3 (b) a = (x + y + z) / 2
(c) a = x + y + z (d) 2 = (x + y + z) / a
(3) ( Computer Instructions )
Determine the output of this pseudocode program segment.
wage = 20
hours = 40
weeks = 50
salary = wage * hours * weeks
print (salary)
hours = 35
salary = wage * hours * weeks
print (salary)
(a) 35000 (b) 40000
30000 45000
(c) 40000 (d) 40000
55000 35000
(4) ( Computational Thinking )
What's wrong with this survey question?
How many minutes did you spend online per work - hour?
__ Under 10
__ 10 or more
(a) It should say " more than 10 " instead of " 10 or more ".
(b) It should say " less than 10 " instead of " under 10 ".
(c) Exactly 10 minutes is not a choice.
(d) Exactly 9 minutes is not a choice.
(5) ( Computational Thinking )
Given the following programming segment, which of these would be correct concerning an available option? Select all that apply.
If (distance < 25 miles) Then
Write("Options are to drive your own car or take a taxi")
ElseIf (distance >= 25 And <= 300 miles) Then
Write("Only option is to drive your own car")
ElseIf (distance > 300 miles)
Write("Only option is to take a bus")
Else
Write("Only option is riding a bicycle")
End If
(a) People within 50 miles must drive.
(b) People under 25 miles may take a taxi.
(c) People over 300 miles may fly.
(d) People traveling 200 miles may ride a bicycle.
Part 4 Textbook Exercises - Introduction to Computer Programming
(1) ( Glossary Terms: Introductory Topics in Computer Science )
Match each glossary term with its associated description.
_____ process (a) programming languages whose instructions more closely resemble the English language
_____ Assembler (b) another term for the repetition structure
_____ coding (c) the directions given to computers
_____ compiler (d) the process of translating a solution into a language that the computer can understand
_____ program (e) a program that converts assembly instructions into machine code
_____ control structures (f) another term for the repetition structure
_____ decision structure (g) another term for the selection structure
_____ high - level languages (h) the set of step - by - step instructions that accomplish a task or goal
_____ iteration (i) sequence, selection and repetition
_____ loop (j) unlike an interpreter, a compiler converts all a program's instructions before running the program
(2) ( Cryptography: A Secret Message )
Determine the secret message that will be displayed by this program segment.
Dim A As Char = "M"
Dim B As Char = "A"
Dim C As Char = "T"
Dim D As Char = "E"
Console.Write(C)
Console.Write(D)
Console.WriteLine(B & A)
'Answer: __________
http://www.ask.com
http://www.webopedia.com
http://www.bing.com
Explanation / Answer
a)Compiler:
A compiler is a software program that transforms high-level source code that is written by a developer in a high-level programming language into a low level object code (binary code) in machine language, which can be understood by the processor. The process of converting high-level programming into machine language is known as compilation.
The processor executes object code, which indicates when binary high and low signals are required in the arithmetic logic unit of the processor
The compiler derives its name from the way it works, looking at the entire piece of source code and collecting and reorganizing the instructions. Thus, a compiler differs from an interpreter, which analyzes and executes each line of source code in succession, without looking at the entire program. The advantage of interpreters is that they can execute a program immediately. Compilers require some time before an executable program emerges. However, programs produced by compilers runmuch faster than the same programs executed by an interpreter.
Every high-level programming language (except strictly interpretive languages) comes with a compiler. In effect, the compiler is the language, because it defines which instructions are acceptable
b)Computational thinking:
Computational thinking (CT) is a problem solving process that includes a number of characteristics, such as logically ordering and analyzing data and creating solutions using a series of ordered steps (or algorithms), and dispositions, such as the ability to confidently deal with complexity and open-ended problems. CT is essential to the development of computer applications, but it can also be used to support problem solving across all disciplines, including math, science, and the humanities. Students who learn CT across the curriculum can begin to see a relationship between subjects as well as between school and life outside of the classroom
Computational thinking is closely related to computer science, although it focuses primarily on the big-picture process of abstract thinking used in developing computational programs rather than on the study of specific programming languages. As a result, it often serves as an introduction to more in-depth computer science courses
c)High-Level Language :
A high-level language is any programming language that enables development of a program in a much more user-friendly programming context and is generally independent of the computer's hardware architecture.
A high-level language has a higher level of abstraction from the computer, and focuses more on the programming logic rather than the underlying hardware components such as memory addressing and register utilization.
A high-level language (HLL) is a programming language such as C, FORTRAN, or Pascal that enables a programmer to write programsthat are more or less independent of a particular type of computer. Such languages are considered high-level because they are closer to human languages and further from machine languages
d)Moores law:
Moore's Law is the observation made in 1965 by Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel, that the number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits had doubled every year since the integrated circuit was invented. Moore predicted that this trend would continue for the foreseeable future. In subsequent years, the pace slowed down a bit, but data density has doubled approximately every 18 months, and this is the current definition of Moore's Law, which Moore himself has blessed. Most experts, including Moore himself, expect Moore's Law to hold true until 2020-2025.
e)Transistor:
A transistor is a device that regulates current or voltage flow and acts as a switch or gate for electronic signals. Transistors consist of three layers of a semiconductor material, each capable of carrying a current