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The NOP (no-op) instruction is an instruction that does nothing. In x86, a 1byte

ID: 3806446 • Letter: T

Question

The NOP (no-op) instruction is an instruction that does nothing. In x86, a 1byte opcode 0x90 is designated as NOP instruction. In addition to this single-byte NOP instruction, x86 defines/recommends multi-byte NOP instructions as follows:

    2 bytes: 0x66 0x90                              /*0x66; NOP */  

3 bytes: 0x0f 0x1f 0x00                      /* NOP DWORD ptr [EAX] */  

4 bytes: 0x0f 0x1f 0x40 0x00             /* NOP DWORD ptr [EAX + 00h]*/  

5 bytes: 0x0f 0x1f 0x44 0x00 0x00   /* NOP DWORD ptr [EAX + EAX*1 + 00h]*/

  6 bytes: 0x66 0x0f 0x1f 0x44 0x00 0x00 /*0x66; NOP DWORD ptr [EAX+EAX*1 + 00h]*/ and so on.

Explain why multi-byte NOP instructions are needed by pointing out the advantage of using the above multi-byte NOP instruction instead of just multiple single-byte NOPs.

Explanation / Answer

The NOP instructions do not change the state of the registers, memory , etc. The are mainly used in the programs for timing purposes , memory alignment . The use of multi byte NOP instructions is useful because they require lesser amount of time to be spend on them unlike using many number of NOP instructions . They are commonly used to align the code from 8 to 16 bytes of boundaries. They are used for caching and for faster read operation of memory . Instead of using multiple single byte NOPS the use of multi byte NOP instruction improves the count cycle and increases the speed and reduces the strain on decoder.