Academic Integrity: tutoring, explanations, and feedback — we don’t complete graded work or submit on a student’s behalf.

In the TCA cycle, it must run 2 times for every molecule ofglucose that begins c

ID: 4359 • Letter: I

Question

In the TCA cycle, it must run 2 times for every molecule ofglucose that begins cellular respiration. So are 4 molecules ofCO2 released as waste products or 2 molecules? Second quest.- are there 2 molecules of ADP moleculesphosphorylated to ATP for each FADH2?  1FADH2= 2 ATP   2x2=4 Third when the g-linked protein receptor changes shape, bindsto g protein what happens to the g-protein? it adheres throughfacilitated diffusion and receptors facilitate diffusion? is thisright? Then adenylyl cyclase is activated by the alphacomplex? and cyclic amp activates protein kinase A (PKA) by doingwhat? phosphoralating molecules? In the TCA cycle, it must run 2 times for every molecule ofglucose that begins cellular respiration. So are 4 molecules ofCO2 released as waste products or 2 molecules? Second quest.- are there 2 molecules of ADP moleculesphosphorylated to ATP for each FADH2?  1FADH2= 2 ATP   2x2=4 Third when the g-linked protein receptor changes shape, bindsto g protein what happens to the g-protein? it adheres throughfacilitated diffusion and receptors facilitate diffusion? is thisright? Then adenylyl cyclase is activated by the alphacomplex? and cyclic amp activates protein kinase A (PKA) by doingwhat? phosphoralating molecules?

Explanation / Answer

      Yes, for every cycle ofTCA cycle there are two molecules of carbondioxide that arereleased as waste products when       glucose begins cellularrespiration.       The first carbondioxide is releasedduring the conversion of isocitrate to-ketoglutarate and the second carbondioxide       is released during theconversion of -ketoglutarate to succinylCo.A.       Glucose to get completelyoxidized TCA cycle has to occur twice.       Hence, there is an yieldof 4 carbondioxidemolecules when glucose begins cellular respiration.
      Yes, for every FADH2that enters Electron Transport chain, there are 2 ADP's that are phosphorylatedto form ATP.       For 1 FADH2, 2ATP'sare generated, as 2 FADH2 are generated when glucosebegins cellular respiration, 4ATP's are       generated.       
      When G-linked protein receptorchanges shape, the G-protein adheres through facilitated diffusionand receptor       facilitatesdiffusion.       When the -subunitbinds to GTP, it activates adenylyl cyclase and converts ATP tocAMP.       This cAMP now activatesProtei kinase by phosphorylating it at the Serine or Threonine residues.