What are different methods of alternate (alternative) splicing? And it\'s signif
ID: 45272 • Letter: W
Question
What are different methods of alternate (alternative) splicing? And it's significance to Biology?Can someone explain how differences in chromosomal composition (XX and XY) lead to differential gene expression and alternate splicing of different genes and eventually generation of male and female specific gene regulatory proteins? What are different methods of alternate (alternative) splicing? And it's significance to Biology?
Can someone explain how differences in chromosomal composition (XX and XY) lead to differential gene expression and alternate splicing of different genes and eventually generation of male and female specific gene regulatory proteins?
Can someone explain how differences in chromosomal composition (XX and XY) lead to differential gene expression and alternate splicing of different genes and eventually generation of male and female specific gene regulatory proteins?
Explanation / Answer
different methods of alternate (alternative) splicing ;
splcing is a regulatory mechanism of gene expression , where single gene is coding for multiple proteins . The mRNA produced in form of pre matured , thi sprematured RNA undergoes splicings where exons are removed keeping the functional part of the mRNA to produce the functional proteins . it is called exon skipping mechanism an d can produce two diffrential proteins with the same mRNA
ther are two types of mechanisms ;
1. General splicing mechanism ; in this type of splcing mechanism only trans acting activtors splices the mRNA are keeping the introns. the regulation is done by spliceing repressor protein. it is done by spliceosome , which consists of u1to u6 protein complex except for U3 with repeated phosphodiester bond formation . they bind to 5 prime GU
2. regulatory proteins and proteins ; thi sis done by the cis acting proteins regulaory sites such as silencers , enhancers these can be located in the inron itself or in exons such as ESS and transacting repressors and activators
examples in clude ; FAS receptor mechanism -mwhich involve in apoptosis of the cells , undergo exon skkiping .
significance ;
most of the alternative splicing mechanism is involved in the controlling the proto oncogene such as FAS . most of the human genes are regulated by the alternative splicing mechanism exapmle CD44 gene, encodes diffrent extracelluar domains it produces six diffrent distant receptors proteins for T cell which invove in the immunity . any kind of mutation in the laternative splicing mechanism ,ivolves the irreversible damage to cell .
explain how differences in chromosomal composition (XX and XY) lead to differential gene expression and alternate splicing of different genes and eventually generation of male and female specific gene regulatory proteins?
sex lethal genes are present only in the females ,this proteins modulate the alternative splcing mechanism .Sxl protein encondes a RNA binding protein which binds to the alternative splcing binding site . Y chromosomes lacks the sxl protein , the sxl protein exhibhits diffrential expression of the exoon skipping mechanism . the sxl gene will control the tra gene which is laternatively spliced to produce female specific mRNA and a non specific mRNA which is present in males and females . this non specific gene has a termination code produces the non fucntinal protein.u2FA is the protein binding protein present in the only females . so males do not have such splcing mechanism . the iffrential ratio of X and autosomes determine the Y chromosomes but dont involve any splcing mechanism .