Please explain the following: How to identify the functional group that a Peale
ID: 476244 • Letter: P
Question
Please explain the following: How to identify the functional group that a Peale corresponds to on an IR and NMR spectrum. How to find the number of protons on and NMR or IR? What is the difference between the ratio and the absolute number of protons on an IR or NMR?Basically explain how to interpret an IR or NMR. Please explain the following: How to identify the functional group that a Peale corresponds to on an IR and NMR spectrum. How to find the number of protons on and NMR or IR? What is the difference between the ratio and the absolute number of protons on an IR or NMR?
Basically explain how to interpret an IR or NMR. How to identify the functional group that a Peale corresponds to on an IR and NMR spectrum. How to find the number of protons on and NMR or IR? What is the difference between the ratio and the absolute number of protons on an IR or NMR?
Basically explain how to interpret an IR or NMR.
Explanation / Answer
Each group of chemically equivalent protons gives rise to a signal.
Chemically Equivalent
Protons
are protons that are in the same environment, and they must be identical in every way.
They experience is the same magnetic force, and therefore, will create overlapping signals on the
spectrum. Therefore, we can determine how many sets of equivalent protons there are in a
molecule by looking at the number of signals in its H-NMR spectrum.
How do we determine how many equivalent protons there are?
There are many ways to determine how many sets of equivalent protons there are in a
molecule. For example, we can see if there is a line of symmetry. Protons that are aligned on a
line of symmetry are equivalent. Another way is to replace the proton with deuterium to form
two molecules, and if the two molecules are the same, then the two protons are equivalent. The
third way to determine how many equivalent protons there are is to look at the atom attached to
the proton (usually a carbon) and observe what that atom is bonded to, and then the atom bonded
to that, all the way until a difference is observed. If there is no difference, the protons are
equivalent. If there is a difference, the protons are not equivalent.