Substituents on an aromatic ring can have several effects on electrophilic aroma

Question

Substituents on an aromatic ring can have several effects on electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Substituents can activate or deactivate the ring to substitution, donate or withdraw electrons inductively, donate or withdraw electrons through resonance, and direct substitution either to the ortho/para or to the meta positions. From the following lists, select the substituents that have the indicated property. The substituents are written as -XY, where X is the atom directly bound to the aromatic ring. Activation of the ring towards substitution. Withdrawal of electrons through resonance. Ortho/para-directed substitution.

Explanation / Answer

Activation of the ring towards substitution:

- CH3 through inductive effect (shits electron density towards the ring)

- OH Through resonance (dontes electron pair to the ring)

Withdrwal of electrons thorugh resonance:

- SO3H, - COOH

Ortho/para directiong :

- Br

- OCH3

- OH

All through resonance , donate electron pair to the ring.

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