Assessment Criteria 4.1 Define the terms: atom, ion and molecule. (1) How are th

Question

Assessment Criteria 4.1 Define the terms: atom, ion and molecule. (1) How are the terms element and atom interrelated. (2) What is meant by the term ion? (3) What is the definition of first ionization energy? (4) What is the definition of electronegativity? (5) What is meant by the term molecule? (6) Give an example of an element that exists as single atoms, and an atom that exists as a molecule. (7) Identify which of the tollowing compounds contain ions and state the formal charges on the ions: NaCI, N2, MgO, AICls and CO2.

Explanation / Answer

define:

atom --> single unit of mass, it is indivisible and is always formed by a nucleus and electrons

ion --> is any type of atom which has been charged either losing electrons or gainig electrons

molecules --> conformation of different atoms chemically bonded between each other

Q1

element ---> is a unique chemical species, typically will be defined by the total number of protons present in the nucleus

atom --> each element is formed by a unique set of atoms, i.e. protons + neutrons + electrons will form up an element

Q2

ion --> is any species which has been negatively charged ( gain electrons) or positively (lost of electrons)

Q3

1st ionization energy --> the energy required to make an ion for a given chemical species

Q4

electronegativity --> tendendency of accepting electrons

Q5

molecule --> any kind of chemical bonded species which form a new unique pure substance

Q6

element as single atom --> Argon, Ar atoms

element of molecules --> Oxygen, O2(gas)

Q7

NaCl = Na+ and Cl-; molecules formed of ions

N2 -> molecule, N(triple)N

MgO --> ions forming amolecule, Mg2+ and O2-

AlCl3 --> molecules formed form ions, Al3+ + 3Cl-

CO2 --> molecules formed by covalent (share) of electrons C = +4 and O = -2

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