For the instances below - From the point that the specific metabolites are absor
ID: 64570 • Letter: F
Question
For the instances below - From the point that the specific metabolites are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, what are the paths of the resulting metabolites to the following locations in the body for incorporation into the body structure?
1. Metabolites of protein for use in the Gastrocnemius muscle for muscle maintenance.
2. Metabolites of the carbohydrates for energy to contract the cardiac muscle cells.
3. Metabolites of fat to incorporate into the myelin sheaths of the Schwann cells of the Trigeminal nerve that innervates the Masseter muscle.
4. Water for incorporation into the synovial fluid of the hip joint.
5. Iron for incorporation into red blood cells in the bone marrow of the sternum.
Explanation / Answer
1. Metabolites of protein for use in the Gastrocnemius muscle for muscle maintenance.
Any substance, solid or liquid will goes down the esophagus and then passed through the digestive tract (here the pepsin and renin present in duodenum will initiate the digestion and is followed by digestion in small intestine by trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, elastase) and will be absorbed inside and enters the blood stream with help of carrier molecule or glutathione transport system.
As we know muscles are made up of 25 % proteins, so all the muscles need protein to maintain their build up and to get energy. With the help of ATP molecules, the amino acids are transported across the epithelial layer (In the presence of glutamyl transpeptidase, glutathione will react with amino acid forming glutamyl amino acid molecule , which then enter into the cytosol of the intestinal mucosa cells and then will be carried to the liver through hepatic portal vein and from there it will enter into the blood stream. The amino acids present in the blood stream will be taken by muscle cells for their maintenance.