Anatomy and Physiology I Skeletal System Case Study Taylor Phillips is a 27-year
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Question
Anatomy and Physiology I Skeletal System Case Study Taylor Phillips is a 27-year-old female pharmaceutical representative with a lifetime history of good health. She played Division II soccer in college, and has participated in a competitive weekend soccer league since graduation. Last week, Taylor broke her hip in a fall on the soccer field. Doctors want to be certain that Taylor’s fracture is due to the impact of the fall, and not an underlying health issue. A blood test is ordered, and abnormalities are noted. Results from Taylor’s blood tests are as follows: Test Taylor Normal Range Flag (“x” if yes) RBC Count (million/ul) 4.7 4.5 – 5.3 Hematocrit (%) 41 37 – 45 WBC Count (per ul) 7500 5000 – 10,000 Platelet Count 272,000 150,000 – 400,000 Serum Iron (mcg/dL) 92 60 - 170 TSH (for Thyroid Hormone; mIU/L) 1.87 0.50 – 4.50 PTH (Parathyroid Hormone; pg/ml) 132 10 – 65 Calcitonin (pg/ml) 3.6 <6.5 pg/ml Calcium (mg/dL) 11.8 9.0 – 10.5 mg/dL Protein, Total g/dL 6.4 6.2 – 8.3 Lyme Western Blot Negative Epstein Barr Virus (IgG, IgM) Negative ANA Screen Negative Rheumatoid Factor (IU/mL) < 7 <14 Questions 1. Which of Taylor’s blood test results are abnormal? 2. Do you think the abnormalities contributed to Taylor’s fracture? 3. Name the glands that secrete PTH. Where are these glands located? 3. Under normal circumstances, what conditions stimulate PTH release? 4. How does PTH impact blood calcium levels? How does PTH exert its effect? 5. Where is most calcium stored in the body? 6. Name three physiological functions that require calcium. 7. Calcitonin is an antagonist of PTH. Where is this hormone produced? How does this hormone impact blood calcium levels? 8. Doctors order a bone density scan (BMD – Bone Mineral Density) and note that Taylor had osteopenia, an early indicator of osteoporosis. Define osteoporosis. How does calcium impact bone health? 9. Taylor was found to have a tumor on one of her parathyroid glands. The tumor caused the gland to secrete abnormally high levels of PTH (called hyperparathyroidism). Imagine you are the doctor. Explain to Taylor the relationship between the parathyroid tumor and her broken hip. 10. What do you think Taylor’s course of treatment will be?
Explanation / Answer
1. which of the blood reports are abnormal ?.
answer; thyriod hormone and parathyriod hormones are abnormal .
2.Do you think abnormalities lead to fracture ?
answer : yes , as the excess of these hormones may lead to the osteoporosis .
3. Name the gland that secrete the parathyriod hormone?where are they located ?
ans; They are parathyriod glands located near the thyriod glands near neck ,which controls the level of the calicium.
4. How does PTH impact the calicum levels ? How do PTH exert its effect ?
ans; The most of the calicium which is obtained from the diet ,how much should be absorbed by the body , how much kidneys should be absorb, these hormones tightly control the blood calicium , they cause bones to release calicium and incerased levelsin the blood ,
5. where the calicium is stored in the body?
ans .most of the calium is stored in the bones.
6. what are the three physiological function of the calicium ?
ans; It act as the co factor for many enzymes , it plays an important factor for the signal transduction pathway where it act as a secondary messenger .It also helps in proper formation of the bones .
7. calcitonin is antagonist to the PTH where it is produced ?
ans ; These hormones are produced by the parathyriod glands .
calcitonin regulation of the calicum?
ans; it will increase the blood calicium levels ,it also helps in maintaing the calicium homeostatis ,
8. define osteoporosis ?
ans ; osteoporosis is a condition where bones become brittle and fragile from the loss of the tissue beacuse of the result of the hormonal changes or deficiency of the caliciumor vitamin D .
9. Increased in the Parathyriod hormones causes the release of the calicum form the bones causing the bones to brittle beacuse of the loss of the calicum , this causes the condition called osteoporosis , which may cause the broken hips .
10. The main treatment will be help in reducing the osteoporosis which include calicum , Vitamin D , weight bearing excersise ,and prevention of falls . strontium is given for the effect to reduce the thinning of the bones ,selective estrogen receptors modules given for the patients with post menopausal condition .