Innate or Nonspecific Defenses to Disease Enter the Virtual Laboratory and selec
ID: 69137 • Letter: I
Question
Innate or Nonspecific Defenses to Disease
Enter the Virtual Laboratory and select Nonspecific Defenses from the list of predefined unknowns. Check the box permitting autoinoculation. Read carefully the Case Study and proceed to identify the unknown organism using VirtualUnknown™ Microbiology.
Case Study # _______.
COPY THE CASE STUDY INFORMATION INTO THE SPACE BELOW.
Use the information from your textbook, data obtained during the identification, and any other resources necessary to answer the following questions.
What is the identity of this unknown bacterium?
List and briefly explain differences defining innate immunity, as opposed to adaptive immunity.
What exactly causes each of the following changes observed in the inflammatory response?
Redness
Inflammation
Pain
Swelling
What role does phagocytosis play in the process of innate immunity?
Which of these elements of innate immunity (barriers, secretion, inflammatory response, phagocytosis) would be involved in fighting the infection described in this Case Study? Explain your response.
Some microbes possess defensive enzymes that protect them from the elements of nonspecific immunity. Read through the list of tests supported by VirtualUnknown™ Microbiology and identify three (3) that detect the presence of such defensive enzymes. List the three in the space below and for each defensive enzyme you identify describe how each one would allow its possessor to persist and cause disease.
Explanation / Answer
Innate and adaptive immunity:
Innate immunity
Adaptive immunity
Advantages and disadvantages:
Innate immunity
Adaptive immunity
Advantages and disadvantages:
- Present in the body from the time of birth
- Acquired after birth.
- Provides general protection against a wide range of pathogens.
- Provides specific immunity against a selective pathogen.
- Response is immediate
- Response is late
- Speed of response is constant throughout the life tome
- Response speed increases with successive exposure (this is due to immunological memory)
- No memory mediated attacks are provided, attack is rapid.
- Memory cells are stored for each specific pathogen, and the attack is very diverse and specific.
- Prior exposure is not required to start an immediate attack
- Attack occurs from second exposure onwards.