Question #1: What is the title of US Patent 4,190,463? (Title page) Question #2:

Question

Question #1: What is the title of US Patent 4,190,463? (Title page)

Question #2: Who is the patentee and to whom is the patent assigned? (Title page)

Question #3: Who was the primary patent examiner for the US Patent Office? (Title page)

Question #4: Who were the patent attorneys representing Nalco Chemical Company? (Title page)

Question #5: Briefly describe the process discussed in the patent. (Title page and 1, 27)

Question #6: Approximately what mass percent of the iron-quebracho complex is solubilized by using 4,000 parts per million (ppm) citric acid at 120 °F? (Figure 1)

Question #7: Approximately what mass percent of the iron-chestnut tannin complex is solubilized by using 2000 ppm citric acid at 120 °F? (Figure 1)

Question #8: How were the iron-tannin complexes prepared in the solubility studies? (3, 10)

Question #9: What was different about the particle size of the iron-chestnut tannin complex prepared for the solubility studies? (3, 20)

Question #10: Why was chestnut tannin used for additional studies rather than gallotannic acid? (3, 37)

Question #11: What two laboratory test units were used to study the ability of the tannin-citric acid process to remove iron oxide deposits from recirculating cooling water systems? (3, 45 and 4, 5)

Question #12: Is it possible to use high dosages of chestnut tannin for short periods of time to replace low dosages of chestnut tannin for longer time periods? (Table 1, test 8)

Question #13: Why does an overlay of a chromate/ zinc corrosion inhibitor program seem to slow the removal of iron oxides from heat transfer surfaces when using the chestnut tannin-citric acid process? (Table 1, test 10)

Question #14: How many claims are made for this patent? What are they? (19, 25)

Question #15: If one relates the resistance to heat transfer (i. e., the dirtiness of the system), does the resistance increase with on-going corrosion? As the chestnut tannin is added does the resistance increase, decrease, or stay the same? What happens to the resistance when the citric acid is introduced? What happens to the soluble iron content of the recirculating water after the introduction of the citric acid? (Figure 4 in the patent and Figure 4 in the article)

Question #16 (from the “Materials Performance” article): What are three disadvantages to using strong mineral acids such as hydrochloric and sulfuric acids to remove iron oxide deposits?

Question #17 (from the “Materials Performance” article): Describe the practical application of the on-line cleaning process to (1) a Gulf coast petrochemical plant and to (2) a southern ammonia plant.

1. What person is given credit for the first US patent? In what state was he born?

2. On what date was the first US patent issued?

3. What is the subject of that patent?

4. The first patent was signed by three rather famous Virginians. Who were they and in what capacity did each serve at the time?

5. In your own words, please describe the patent.

4,190,463 Feb. 26, 1980 United States Patent uoj Kaplan [54] METHOD OF REMOVING IRON OXIDE [45] . 252/84 X 2,529,177 1/1950 Nieland et al.... 252/180 X 2,472,684 6/1949 Rossi DEPOSITS FROM HEAT TRANSFER SURFACES 3,003,898 10/196 Reich 3,095,862 /1963 Berner 3,317,43 5/1967 Kaye 3,375,200 3/1968 Robron 3,510,432 /1970 Squire 3,753,924 8/1973 Franiau 3,957,529 5/1976 Alexander et al 134/41 X 252/180X 252/180 252/84 X 134/3 X 252/83 X 134/28 X [75] Inventor: Roy I. Kaplan, Naperville, l. [73] Assignee: Nalco Chemical Company, Oak Brook, Il. [21] Appl. No.: 9,563 [22 Filed Feb. 5, 1979 [51] 52] U.S. CI. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 1732 of 1859 United Kingdom 252/83 12357 of 1887 United Kingdom.252/8.3 B08B 3/08 134/3; 134/28; 252/83 Int.CL2 Primary Examiner-Marc L. Caroff Miller [57) Iron oxide deposits which are found on heat transfer [58] Field of Search.134/3, 26. 28. 4l; Attorney, Agent, or Firm-John G. Premo; Robert A. 252/83, 84, 85 References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS [56) ABSTRACT 80,544 8/1868 Hewit252/84 surfaces can be removed by first contacting these depos- 103,661 5/1870 Rogers 119,426 9/1871 Sweet 170,137 1/1875 Weiss252/84 181,373 8/1876 Taylor 182,774 10/1876 Riley 258,235 5/1882 Kolker 268,461 12/1882 Cryer et al. 252/84 52/84 with an aqueous solution of a hydrolyzable tanning extract such as sumach, valonea, or chestnut tannin 252/84 which conditions the deposits and forms a complex 252/84 thereof. The thus-formed complex is subsequently re- 25284 moved by treatment with dilute solutions of citric acid. 252/84 1,747,638 2/1930 Markley et al 252/84 2,411074 11/1946 Winkelmann et al252/83 6 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures I I20°F 20°F d 4000 72°F 72F 72°F CO I /I 120°F 100 72 20°F 0 O 20 30 40 50 0 70 80 90 00 PERCENT OF COMPLEX DISSOLVED FE-QUEBRACHO COMPLEX FE-GALLOTANNIC ACID COMPLEX --FE-WATTLE COMPLEX FE-CHESTNUT COMPLEX SOLUBILITY OF IRON COMPLEXES IN CITRIC ACID

Explanation / Answer

1. The title of US Patent 4,190,463 is method of removing iron oxide deposits from heat transfer surfaces.

2. The patentee is Roy I. Kaplan, Naperville, III and it is assigned to Nalco Chemical Company, Oak Brook, III.

3. Marc L. Caroff was the primary patent examiner for the US Patent Office.

4. John G. Premo and Robert A. Miller were the patent attorneys representing Nalco Chemical Company.

5. The process of removal of iron oxide deposits: The deposits were first treated with aqueous solutions of hydrolyzable tanning extract to form the complex. This complex is subsequently removed by treatment with dilute citric acid.

6. The mass percent of the iron-quebracho complex is solubilized by using 4,000 parts per million (ppm) citric acid at 120 °F is 24%. It is shown by dot-dashed line in Figure 1 (line 2).

7. The mass percent of the iron-chestnut tannin complex is solubilized by using 2000 ppm citric acid at 120 °F is 63%. This is shown by the small dashed line in Figure 1 (line 4).

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