In a desert: a. there is no water table b.the water is close o the surface durin
ID: 765 • Letter: I
Question
In a desert:
a. there is no water table
b.the water is close o the surface during a flashflood
c. the water table is deep undergroynd
d. the water table is at the bottom of a playa
In the zone of accumulation of a glacier:
a. there is no water table
b. the water table lies at the base of the glacier
c. the water table lies inside the glacier near the surface
d. the water table lies deep under the ground below the base of the glacier
overpumping can cause:
a. reversal of a stream flow direction
b. new lakes to form
c. slower groundwater flow
d. faster groundwarer flow
in the choice of site for digging a well, well diggers DO NOT look for:
a.sediment with high permability
b. regions with a high water table
c. an area uphill of an underground oil tank
d. large aquitards
Recharge areas:
a.replenish water into an aquifer
b. replenish nutrients in soils after farming
c. provide a good protected area for partying
d. are grear for walking your dog
Mixtures of minerals will melt at ______ than the melting temperatyres of the individual minerals:
a. a higher tempertature
b. at the same temperature
c. at a lower temperature
d. none of the above
Wegner's evidence for continental drift: Fit of the continents, location of past glaciations, distribution of equatorial climatic belts, matching geologic units, and________:
a.magentic anomalies
b.apparent polar wander paths
c. distribution of fossils
d. presence of seamounts
As the Earth's MAGNETIC FIELD WEAKENS, THE VAN ALLEN BELTS WILL:
a. MOVE outward away from the earth
b. Move inward towards the Earth
c. not change
d. trap more particles
The Lithosphere consists of _____________:
a. the crust and athenosphere
b. the crust plus the top cooler part of the mantle
c. the crust plus the Moho
d. the top cooler part of the mantle and the top part of the asthenosphere
A mineral must (choose incorrect answer), naturally-occuring, solid, inorganic substance with a and is a _______
a. be natural or man-made
b. have an orderly arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules
c. have a definable chemical composition
d. be homogeneous
The oceanic crust consists of basalt produced by decompression melting of __________
a. basalt
b. peridotite
c. granite
d. sandstone
Grapite and diamonds are polymorphs; this means that they have the same ____but different______
a. unit cell, composition
b. structure, unit cell
c. crystal class, composition
d. composition, unit cell
In the fundamental structural unit of silicates, the silicon ion is surrounded by how many oxygens to form what shape?
a. 4, tetrhedrom
b. 5, pentahedron
c. 6, octahedron
d. none of these
Magmas crupting at mid-ocean ridges were formed in the mantle by
a. decompression melting of rising hot mantle rock
b. the addition of water to the mantle during subduction
c. the ascent of molten material from the outer core to the surface.
d. heating of the Earth during magnetic polarity reversals
Decompression melting of hot rock when it
a. absorbs volatiles
b. sinks and heats up in the outer core
c. rises to shallower levels
d. undergoes a release of pressure as it softens in the hot asthenosphere
In which tectonic environment would you expect to find the most explosive volcanoes?
a. hotspots
b.mid-ocean ridges
c. continent-continent collision zones
d. subduction zones
The breakdown of which mineral at depth releases water and causes wet melting of mantle peridotite:
a. olivine
b.amphibole
c. quartz
d. none of the above
Basalt contains more silica and alkali elements than its parent rock because____________
a. it was formed by completely melting mantle peridotite
b. it picked up these elements during its ascent to the surface
c. it is a partial melt in which minerals with the lowest melting temperture were concentrated.
d. it contains so much water
Deep earthquakes are associated with
a.divergent margins
b. convergent margins
c. transform faults
d. all of the above
Minerals most resistant to chemical weathering
a. formed at high temperatures and pressures
b. formed at low temperatures and pressures
c. are found in rocks like peridotite
d. are never found at beaches
Fossiliferous limestone forms in which environment
a. Warm shallow seas
b.cold shallow seas
c. deep marine environment
d. warm lakes
The sand dunes of long island's south shore will eventually produce which rocktype
a. conglomerate
d.crossbedded sandstone
c.limestone
d.basalt
Island arcs contain (CHOOSE INCORRECT ANSWER)
a. metamorphic rocks
b. pyroclastic rocks
c. andesites
d. shield volcanoes
in a location where slate is found there once was:
a. mud
b. beach sand
c. basalt
d. conglomerate
How does the difference between P and S wave travel times change with distance from the epicenter?
a. it increases
b. it decreases
c. it remains constant
d. it varies randomly
The Richter scale is a measure of what?
a. Extent of damage that an earthquake causes
b. The extent of ground motion at the epicenter
c. the amount of energy generated by the earthquake
d. amplitude of ground motion 100 km from the epicenter
A fault is an example of what type of response to stress?
a. brittle behavior
b. plastic deformation
c. elastic behavior
d. ductile behavior
After erosion, a syncline can be identified because the rocks dip____and the ___ rocks are in the center
a. towards the center nd the youngest rocks are in the center
b away from the center and the youngest rocks in the center
c. towards the center and the oldest rocs are in the center
d. away from the center and the oldest rocks are in the center
A drainage divide:
a. seperates one watershed from another
b. is commonly a mountain range
c. can be a major continental divide
d. all of the above
A schist indicates where there was a
a. mountain in the past
b. continental rift in the past
c. where there is currently an island arc
d. a mid-ocean ridge in the past
Continentals material (CHOOSE INCORRECT ANSWER)
a. is generated at mid-ocean ridges
b. is mainly andesite
c. cannot be subducted
d. moves around with the plate it is attached to
Reverse faults are associated with
a. mid-ocean ridges
c. continental hot spots/rifting
c. mountain building
d. lithification
A lahar is most likely to dorm
a. in Japand
b. at the mid-Atlantic ridge
c. in the himalayas
d. in Texas
Soil creep is caused by
a. freezing and thawing of water between grains of sediment
b. sudden failure of concave slopes
c. a sudden volcanic eruption
d. an avalanche in glacial regions
The mineral andalusite (Al2SiO5) could have formed
a. from precipitation in seawater
b. from a basalt with low Al content
c. during metamorphism of shale
d. from an Al-poor meteorite when it impacted the Earth
Which of the following are not needed to form major glaciations?
a. high mountain ranges must lie in high latitudes
b. much of he continental regions must drift to high latitudes
c. ocean currents should not carry heat to high latitudes
d. pluvial conditions must occur at high latitudes
Beach sand
a. was brough in by wave action from the continental slope
b. is found close to its source
c. can only be produced by mechanical weathering of sandstone
d. continues to be broken down in the surf zone
Mud consists mainly of
a. quartz
b. basalt
c. clay
d. sand-sized particles
Polar Wander
a.indicated that continents moved
b. indicated that the Earth's poles moved
c. indicates that the Earth's magnetic field shifted polarity
d would not be observed on a planet with no lithospheric plates.
Meteorites found on the surface of continental glaciers
a. are spread far apart depending upon where they landed
b. are clustered close together in the center of the ice field
c. are carried to the toe of the glaciers by meltwater streams
d. are concentrated near the edge of the glacier because of internal flow
During retreat of continental glaciers
a. the snow line moves to lower latitudes
b. the snow lines moves to higher latitudes
c. the mean global temperatures get colder
d. the glacier flows backwards
Before plate tectonics started, the surface of the early earth contained
a. basalts and rocks that formed from crystallization of basalt
b. andesite
c. sedimentary rocks
d. metamorphic rocks
An example of a surface bulge and cracking of the continental lithosphere caused by rising hot mantle rock is seen in
a. Eastern Africa
b.Southern Eurpoe
c. NW United States
d. Appalachian Mountains
The repeated opening and closing of the Mediterranean Sea was caused by:
a. periodic asteroid impact
b. the African plate collifing with Europe followed by erosion at the Straits of Gibraltar
c. change in the amount of sediment transported by the Nile River
d. chane in the volume of ash produced by Mt. Vesuvius
The rocks of the north shore beaches of Long Island
a. were transported by meltwater streams from New England
b. are glacial drift from terminal morains
c. are eskers
d. were trapped by kettles after glacial retreat
In a meandering stream thalweg
a. stays in the center of the river
b. causes erosion on the outside of turns
c. causes erosion on the inside of turns
d. causes deposition on the outside of turns
Pyroclastic material from explosive volcanoes does NOT include
a. ash
b. tuff
c.lapilli
d. lava flows
At subduction zones we do NOT expect to find
a. symmetric magnetic anomalies
b. explosive volcanoes
c. deep earthquakes
d. andesite
At mid-ocean ridges we do NOT expect to find
a. basalt produced by decompression melting of mantle peridotite
b. basalt produced by wet melting of mantle peridotite
c. shallow earthquakes
d. the formation of new water-bearing minerals in the basalts
Subduction occurs because of
a. slab pull
b. the high density of cold oceanic lithosphere
c. the presence of the warm asthenosphere below the lithosphere
d. all of the above
Explanation / Answer
1.In a desert:
c. the water table is deep undergroynd
2.In the zone of accumulation of a glacier:
b. the water table lies at the base of the glacier
3.overpumping can cause:
c. slower groundwater flow
4.in the choice of site for digging a well, well diggers DO NOT look for:
c.an area uphill of an underground oil tank
5.Recharge areas:
b. replenish nutrients in soils after farming
6.Mixtures of minerals will melt at ______ than the melting temperatyres of the individual mineral
a. a higher tempertature
7.Wegner's evidence for continental drift: Fit of the continents, location of past glaciations, distribution of equatorial climatic belts, matching geologic units, and
a.magentic anomalies
8.As the Earth's MAGNETIC FIELD WEAKENS, THE VAN ALLEN BELTS WILL
a. MOVE outward away from the earth
9.The Lithosphere consists of
b. the crust plus the top cooler part of the mantle
10.A mineral must (choose incorrect answer), naturally-occuring, solid, inorganic substance with a and is a
b.have an orderly arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules
11.The oceanic crust consists of basalt produced by decompression melting of
d. sandstone
12.Grapite and diamonds are polymorphs; this means that they have the same ____but different______
b. structure, unit cell
13.In the fundamental structural unit of silicates, the silicon ion is surrounded by how many oxygens to form what shape?
a. 4, tetrhedrom
14.Magmas crupting at mid-ocean ridges were formed in the mantle by
c. the ascent of molten material from the outer core to the surface.
15.Decompression melting of hot rock when it
d. undergoes a release of pressure as it softens in the hot asthenosphere
16.In which tectonic environment would you expect to find the most explosive volcanoes
b.mid-ocean ridges
17.The breakdown of which mineral at depth releases water and causes wet melting of mantle peridotite
d. none of the above
18.Basalt contains more silica and alkali elements than its parent rock because
d. it contains so much water
19.Deep earthquakes are associated with
c. transform faults
20.Minerals most resistant to chemical weatheringa.
formed at high temperatures and pressures
21.Fossiliferous limestone forms in which environment
c. deep marine environment
22.The sand dunes of long island's south shore will eventually produce which rocktype
b.crossbedded sandstone
23.Island arcs contain
a. metamorphic rocks
24.in a location where slate is found there once was:
d. conglomerate
25.How does the difference between P and S wave travel times change with distance from the epicenter?
a. it increase26.
27.The Richter scale is a measure of what
a. Extent of damage that an earthquake causes
28.A fault is an example of what type of response to stress?
b. plastic deformation
29.After erosion, a syncline can be identified because the rocks dip____and the ___ rocks are in the center
a. towards the center nd the youngest rocks are in the center
30.A drainage divide
a. seperates one watershed from another
31.A schist indicates where there was a
b. continental rift in the past
32.Continentals material (CHOOSE INCORRECT ANSWER)
d. moves around with the plate it is attached to
33.Reverse faults are associated with
c. mountain building
34.A lahar is most likely to dorm
b. at the mid-Atlantic ridge
35.Soil creep is caused by
a. freezing and thawing of water between grains of sediment
36.The mineral andalusite (Al2SiO5) could have formed
b. from a basalt with low Al content
37.Which of the following are not needed to form major glaciations?
b. much of he continental regions must drift to high latitudes
38.Beach sand
a. was brough in by wave action from the continental slope
39.Mud consists mainly of
c. clay
40.Polar Wander
c. indicates that the Earth's magnetic field shifted polarity
41.Meteorites found on the surface of continental glaciers
a. are spread far apart depending upon where they landed
42.During retreat of continental glaciers
c. the mean global temperatures get colder
43.Before plate tectonics started, the surface of the early earth contained
c. sedimentary rocks
44.An example of a surface bulge and cracking of the continental lithosphere caused by rising hot mantle rock is seen in
c. NW United States
45.The repeated opening and closing of the Mediterranean Sea was caused by:
b. the African plate collifing with Europe followed by erosion at the Straits of Gibraltar
46.The rocks of the north shore beaches of Long Island
b. are glacial drift from terminal morains
47.In a meandering stream thalweg
d. causes deposition on the outside of turns
48.Pyroclastic material from explosive volcanoes does NOT include
d. lava flows
49.At subduction zones we do NOT expect to find
a. symmetric magnetic anomalies
50.At mid-ocean ridges we do NOT expect to find
d. the formation of new water-bearing minerals in the basalts
51.Subduction occurs because of
the high density of cold oceanic lithosphere