Distinguishing correlation from causation Decide whether the following news stor
ID: 80331 • Letter: D
Question
Distinguishing correlation from causation
Decide whether the following news stories are discussing correlations (don't know how it works) or causal relations (know how it works):
Brittle bone disease results from a mutations in the gene for making collagen that strengthens bone. Transplanted stem cells can be taken from terminated fetuses to help provide the collagen. The researchers aim to treat 15 fetuses and 15 babies who have the condition. Brittle bone disease is _____________ a gene's mutation.
Of the 13,000 people who survived the Ebola epidemic last year in West Africa, about half have had relapses and a few have been hospitalized. The virus lives in their eyes because the eye is sheltered from the body's immune system, and is thought to cause joint pain, fatigue and debilitating headaches. The Ebola virus kills 95% of the people it infects by damaging organs and hemorrhaging blood. Ebola is ______________ death by hemorrhagic fever.
Local microbes can affect the flavor and aroma of wine. No one knows how much or exactly how microbes influence the taste of wine. Soil and climate play a larger role in the taste of wine. The taste of wine is _______________ certain microbes.
A 26-year old man who is paralyzed in both legs has walked for the first time in five years--just by thinking about it. Neuroengineers have developed an electrode cap that detects when a person is thinking about walking or standing still. They tailored it to pick up brain signals from their volunteer. This man walking is ________________ electrical stimulation.
The Ebola virus lives in their eyes because the eye is sheltered from the body's immune system, and is thought to cause joint pain, fatigue and debilitating headaches. Joint pain is _______________ the Ebola virus.
Insulin keeps the amount of glucose in our blood at a safe level. But in Type 1 diabetes, the immune system destroys the beta cells in the pancreas that make insulin. Injections of insulin are then needed to keep blood glucose levels down. Now researchers have transformed other cells in the pancreas into beta cells that then produce insulin. Researchers added a protein BMP7, which helps bones to mend, into a soup of pancreatic cells that didn't normally produce insulin. This protein made them produce high amounts of insulin. The protein BMP7 is _____________________ increased insulin production. Researchers know how BMP7 works to produce insulin producing cells.
Brittle bone disease results from a mutations in the gene for making collagen that strengthens bone. Transplanted stem cells can be taken from terminated fetuses to help provide the collagen. The researchers aim to treat 15 fetuses and 15 babies who have the condition. Brittle bone disease is _____________ a gene's mutation.
Answer 1Choose...causally related tocorrelated withOf the 13,000 people who survived the Ebola epidemic last year in West Africa, about half have had relapses and a few have been hospitalized. The virus lives in their eyes because the eye is sheltered from the body's immune system, and is thought to cause joint pain, fatigue and debilitating headaches. The Ebola virus kills 95% of the people it infects by damaging organs and hemorrhaging blood. Ebola is ______________ death by hemorrhagic fever.
Answer 2Choose...causally related tocorrelated withLocal microbes can affect the flavor and aroma of wine. No one knows how much or exactly how microbes influence the taste of wine. Soil and climate play a larger role in the taste of wine. The taste of wine is _______________ certain microbes.
Answer 3Choose...causally related tocorrelated withA 26-year old man who is paralyzed in both legs has walked for the first time in five years--just by thinking about it. Neuroengineers have developed an electrode cap that detects when a person is thinking about walking or standing still. They tailored it to pick up brain signals from their volunteer. This man walking is ________________ electrical stimulation.
Answer 4Choose...causally related tocorrelated withThe Ebola virus lives in their eyes because the eye is sheltered from the body's immune system, and is thought to cause joint pain, fatigue and debilitating headaches. Joint pain is _______________ the Ebola virus.
Answer 5Choose...causally related tocorrelated withInsulin keeps the amount of glucose in our blood at a safe level. But in Type 1 diabetes, the immune system destroys the beta cells in the pancreas that make insulin. Injections of insulin are then needed to keep blood glucose levels down. Now researchers have transformed other cells in the pancreas into beta cells that then produce insulin. Researchers added a protein BMP7, which helps bones to mend, into a soup of pancreatic cells that didn't normally produce insulin. This protein made them produce high amounts of insulin. The protein BMP7 is _____________________ increased insulin production. Researchers know how BMP7 works to produce insulin producing cells.
Explanation / Answer
ANSWERS
1. BRITTLE BONE DISEASE IS CASUALLY RELATED TO GENE'S MUTATION.
2. EBOLA IS CASUALLY RELATED TO HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER.
3. TASTE OF WINES IS CORRELATED WITH CERTAIN MICROBES.
4. THIS MAN WALKING IS CORRELATED WITH ELECTRICAL STIMULATION.
5. JOINT PAIN IS CORRELATED WITH THE EBOLA VIRUS.
6. THE PROTEIN BMP7 IS CAUSUALLY RELATED TO INCREASED INSULIN PRODUCTION.