Please write the each answers with long sentences and if you can add any picture
ID: 82299 • Letter: P
Question
Please write the each answers with long sentences and if you can add any picture or drawing please upload that together.
Thank you so much.
Refer to class lecture notes, study guides, the Evolution, Making Sense of Life text, (especially chapters 16, 17 and 18), Dan Leiberman's The Story of Human Body, the Your Inner Fish text and video series (video available online at HHMD, as well as legitimate internet sources like Wikipedia (watch out for Creationist sites). 1. Trace the evolutionary history and adaptive significance of each of the following human adaptive complexes or deep adaptations. adaptative complexes that we modern humans have inherited from out deep evolutionary past. In other words, develop an illustrated/illuminated handwritten account that traces the evolutionary history of each complex across deep time. The Human Hand (with long, strong opposable thumb, short fingers, nails backing tactile pads with dermato precision and power grip, etc.) The Human Locomotor Adaption (bipedial locomotion, relatively long legs adapted to long distance walking and running) Human Skin (sparse surface hairs, pigmentation, vascularization, subcutaneous fat, etc) The Human Spark" (modern humans with archaeological evidence of full cultural capacity, symbolic consciousness, language, music, a mythic imagination, etc.)Explanation / Answer
Evolution of opposable thumbs :
The evolution of opposable thumbs has started with Homo habilis. The first carpometacarpal joint was found that is though to have occurred in the dinosaur. It is thought of being present since 70 mya in primates and almost 5 mya ago in humans. This evolution resulted in a joint positioned at 80deg pronation, 40 of abduction, 50 of flexion and this is related to an axis that passes through the second and third CMC joints.
Climbing and suspension behaviour led to elongation of hands and short thumb, in catarrhines. In pronogade monkeys, adaptation led to reduced digit length and reduction of hand proportions. This resulted in dexterity which has better grip. Completely opposable thumbs developed since Homo habilis expected to evolve from Homo erectus and this happens via anthropoid stages.
Evolution of Human Locomotor Adaptation
Terrestrial bipedalism marks a difference between hominins and panins. The panins and gorillines travel by quadrupedal horizontal-trunked knuckle-walking. There is evidences for arboreal evolution of origin for bipedalism. Pronogade posture is less observed in panin and gorilline and more prominent is orthograde. The torso is vertically upwards and is climbing. The final evolution of bipedal locomotion was obtained as a result of selective advantage such that the toes in the apes, can maximise stability by grasping multiple branches . This also enhanced their support flexibility. This was best seen in the orangutans and these orangutanlocomotion is considered to be the closest to modern human locomotion.
Evolution of human skin
The skin colour evolution is as a result of adaptive radiation and is due to the difference in the UV radiation and its penetration in the skin in various areas and this effects the direct and indirect fitness in a population. This is as a result of UV radiations. Melanin plays a role in pigmentation of skin and regulation of the effects of UV. Thus, near equator sit is beeen observed that people contain higher melanin amount in their skin, as compared to people living away from the equator. The hominids had unpigmented skin with dark black hair on the integumentary. Darkly pigmented naked integument evolution started with the evolution of Homo, as a genus in itself. Following this, greater reproductive success was observed with individuals with higher melanin in their skin which protected the individuals from UV induced folate photolysis.