Mitosis vs Meiosis-Venn Diagram: Place each of the items listed below in the app
ID: 84107 • Letter: M
Question
Mitosis vs Meiosis-Venn Diagram: Place each of the items listed below in the appropriate portion of the diagram. Add 3 items. Mitosis v Meiosis-Explaining Differences: Explain what happens in each of the following processes in Meiosis that is different from Mitosis and why the difference is important. Prophase I (in Meiosis I): Metaphase I and Anaphase I (in Meiosis I): Meiosis II: Mitosis and Meiosis-Drawn Definitions: On the back, a) define each of the words below using only pictures, b) Label each of your drawings with the appropriate vocabulary word, and c) note whether the word relates to Mitosis, Meiosis, or both. Chromosome, Chromatid, Centromere, Chromatin, DNA, Homologous Chromosome, Interphase, Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase, Diploid, Haploid, Tetrad, 2N, 1N, Crossing over, Gamete, Somatic CellExplanation / Answer
1.
Mitosis Binary Fission Meiosis
a. one division a. prokaryotic cells a. increases genetic variation
b. DNA replication occur s in interphase b. Eukaryotic cells b. Crossover occurs
c. somatic cells c. Asexual reproduction c. 2 divisions
d. 2 cells are produced d. 4 cells produced
e. tissue repair e. Spermatogenesis
f. produces genetically identical cells f. required prior to sexual fertilisation
g. tissue growth
2.
PROPHASE 1:(MEIOSIS 1)
*At the start of prophase I, the chromosomes have already duplicated. During prophase I, they coil and become shorter and thicker and visible under the light microscope.
*The duplicated homologous chromosomes pair, and crossing-over (the physical exchange of chromosome parts) occurs.
*Crossing-over is the process that can give rise to genetic recombination. At this point, each homologous chromosome pair is visible as a bivalent (tetrad), a tight grouping of two chromosomes, each consisting of two sister chromatids. The sites of crossing-over are seen as crisscrossed nonsister chromatids and are called chiasmata.
* The nucleolus disappears during prophase I.
* In the cytoplasm, the meiotic spindle, consisting of microtubules and other proteins, forms between the two pairs of centrioles as they migrate to opposite poles of the cell.
* The nuclear envelope disappears at the end of prophase I, allowing the spindle to enter the nucleus.
* Prophase I is the longest phase of meiosis, typically consuming 90% of the time for the two divisions.
METAPHASE 1:(MEIOSIS 1)
*The centrioles are at opposite poles of the cell.
*The pairs of homologous chromosomes (the bivalents), now as tightly coiled and condensed as they will be in meiosis, become arranged on a plane equidistant from the poles called the metaphase plate.
*Spindle fibers from one pole of the cell attach to one chromosome of each pair, and spindle fibers from the opposite pole attach to the homologous chromosome.
ANAPHASE 1: (MEIOSIS 1)
*Anaphase I begins when the two chromosomes of each bivalent (tetrad) separate and start moving toward opposite poles of the cell as a result of the action of the spindle.
*Notice that in anaphase I the sister chromatids remain attached at their centromeres and move together toward the poles.
*A key difference between mitosis and meiosis is that sister chromatids remain joined after metaphase in meiosis I, whereas in mitosis they separate.
MEIOSIS 2: It is similar to mitosis. Sister chromatids are seperated producing four haploid gametes.
In prophase 2, centrosomes form and push apart in the two new cells. A spindle apparatus develops, and the cells nuclear membranes dissolve.Spindle fibers connect to chromosome centromeres in metaphase 2 and line the chromosomes up along the cell equator.
During anaphase 2, the chromosomes centromeres break, and the spindle fibers pull the chromatids apart. The two split portions of the cells are officially known as sister chromosomes at this point.
As in telophase 1, telophase 2 is aided by cytokinesis, which splits both cells yet again, resulting in four haploid cells called gametes. Nuclear membranes develop in these cells, which again enter their own interphases.
3. The words that only relate mitosis are: Somatic cell, Diploid , 1N
The words that only relate meiosis are: Gamete, Crossing over, Haploid, Tetrad, 2N, Homologous chromosomes
The words that relate both mitosis and meiosis are: Chromosome, chromatid, centromere, chromatin, DNA,Interphase, prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase.