Please write the each answers with long sentences and if you can add any picture
ID: 85812 • Letter: P
Question
Please write the each answers with long sentences and if you can add any picture or drawing please upload that together.
Thank you so much.
Refer to class lecture notes, study guides, the Evolution, Making Sense of Life text, (especially chapters 16, 17 and 18), Dan Leiberman's The Story of Human Body, the Your Inner Fish text and video series (video available online at HHMD, as well as legitimate internet sources like Wikipedia (watch out for Creationist sites). 1. Trace the evolutionary history and adaptive significance of each of the following human adaptive complexes or deep adaptations. adaptative complexes that we modern humans have inherited from out deep evolutionary past. In other words, develop an illustrated/illuminated handwritten account that traces the evolutionary history of each complex across deep time. The Human Hand (with long, strong opposable thumb, short fingers, nails backing tactile pads with dermato precision and power grip, etc.) The Human Locomotor Adaption (bipedial locomotion, relatively long legs adapted to long distance walking and running) Human Skin (sparse surface hairs, pigmentation, vascularization, subcutaneous fat, etc) The Human Spark" (modern humans with archaeological evidence of full cultural capacity, symbolic consciousness, language, music, a mythic imagination, etc.)Explanation / Answer
A) Man's hand keep the ancient pentadactyl pattern which is found in early vertebrates. These early primates had short legs, which grew continuously longer in the mammalian stage and they were able to walk flat-footed. Evidences of the divergent evolutionary shift in the primate, which clearly distinguisable in the primate hand, especially between limb length and trunk length.
The shoulder and upper arm in man are adapted for strength while the other parts of hand have delicate functions and had less strength.
When compared to a chimp hand, a significant difference of digital and pad shortening can be seen in the human hand. This provides greater stability to the arm and better stress endurance. These evolutions also allow the human hand to grip in two distinct ways which are necessary for making tool. The grip of human hand can be performed by two ways, the precision grip and the power grip.
The power grip is specified by a clamp like formation in which the fingers and the palm are partly flexed and thumb applied counter pressure which is in a position even to the palm. The main objective of this grip is to absorb impact without injuring the user and prevent the object from existing the hand.
The precision grip is that when the object is compressed between the flexors of the fingers and the thumb which is parallel to the middle and distal phalanges.
C) The evolution of human skin is absent from the fossil record because it decays soon after death. The range of skin colors found in the human in contrast with closest primate relatives which have light skin covered by dark hair. Homo sapiens had dark skin pigmentation because of melanin pigment which protects against multifarious harmful effects of UV radiations. Skin pigmentation is one of the best examples of evolution acting on the human body. Similar skin tones have developed at different times in human history.The color of the skin becomes red due to the exposure of UV radiations that causes an increase in the number and diameter of vascular capillaries through which blood flows. Sunburned skin feels hot to the touch because of the increased vascularization of the skin and the inflammatory response increase by the skin at the time of repairing.
Much of the dietary vitamin D3 is known to be stored in body fat which denotes a possible evolutionary relationship between the development of storage of subcutaneous fat stores and vitamin D3 in these populations. Eskimo-Aleuts have evolved darker skin so as to protect themselves from high levels of UV radiations of A type. These radiations are caused because of direct solar irradiation and reflection from snow and ice. These pieces of evidence are supported by epidemiological studies which show that departure from traditional diets in Eskimo-Aleut populations has resulted in a high prevalence of vitamin D3-deficiency, especially rickets.
The dark skin had evolved as a result of the loss of body hair and lacking adequate protection from hair. Human skin has undergone numerous adaptive structural changes that provide various properties to it such as strength, resilience, and sensitivity.