Please help me verify my answers 2. Suppose that during transcription of a gene,
ID: 86031 • Letter: P
Question
Please help me verify my answers
2. Suppose that during transcription of a gene, RNA polymerase mistakenly inserts an incorrect base opposite the template DNA. This error results in an mRNA with an altered nucleotide sequence. Is this a mutation? For questions 3-10, consider the following mRNA, which is the product of a wild-type allele of a gene: 2 6 481 5'-UUAUGCCAUCCCAUGAGAAGCUACACU AAA UAG-3' First, translate the mRNA u the genetic code table from your textbook (Figure 17.5, page 314) or from sing the Genetic Code lecture. Then, for the following changes in the mRNA sequence, determine the resulting change in the polypeptide. Use the following letters to describe the effect on the protein: A-silent mutation no effect on the protein made) B-missense mutation (alteration of a single amino acid) C-nonsense mutation (generation of a stop codon) D-frame shift, leading to a significant change in the polypeptide oss of an amino acid but the rest of the protein is normal F-a change in two amino acids but the rest of the protein is normal Assume that each question starts with the wild-type (norma sequence as shown at the top of this page. Question (3) has been answered for you. Predict the effect of: 3. Replacing the base at position (1) with a C. This mutation changes a GAG codon to a GAC codon, changing a glu to asp in the protein. This is a missense mutation, so the correct answer is B. 4. Replacing the base at position (2 with a U. 5. Inserting a U at position (3). 6. Deleting the base at position (4). 7. Inserting two bases, GG, at position (5). 8. Deleting the three bases shown by (6). 9. Replacing the base at position (7) with a G. 10. Inserting a U at position (3) and deleting the base at position (8).Explanation / Answer
4.a
Mutation that changes CAU to CUU codon , changing his to leu , but there is no starting codon, so silent mutation
5. d
When inserting U at position 3 , but there is no starting codon, so silent mutation
6. d
AUG codes for methonine and when G is deleted from during replication , it is resulting in a frameshift
7. c
When GG bases are inseter in position 5 it codes methionine which is a starting codon and next codon codes UGA which is nonsense codon.
8.a
When ucc is deleted then next codon CAC is formed and codes his so silent mutation
9.d
Mutation change AAA to GAA and changing lus to glu and is a frameshift mutation.
10.d
Mutation that change CCC to UCC , changing pro to ser and deletion of base from 8 position changes the codes, that result frameshift mutation.
11. h
Glutamic acid (Glu) is coded by two codons viz GAA and GAG. Valine is also coded by two codons viz GUA and GUG. The change in the 3rd base that causes the switch from glutamic acid to valine and it is a missense mutation.This small change result the hemoglobin protein do not form correctly under low levels of oxygen.
12. Ans
Hemoglobin is essential for carrying oxygen in the body. It has four structures-
Primary Structure has unique sequence of amino acids that makes up a protein or polypeptide chain.
.
Secondary Structure- In this structure, polypeptide chains are folded into different shapes.
Tertiary Structure which related to the shaping of the secondary structure.
Quaternary Structure- Some time when two or more polypeptide chains join together with an inorganic component to form a protein is called quaternary structure.