Basic Bio, I will rate you How do the four nucleotides of DNA combine to form a
ID: 87020 • Letter: B
Question
Basic Bio, I will rate you
How do the four nucleotides of DNA combine to form a double helix?
Are vitamins considered cofactors or coenzymes? What vitamin is very important in the homeostasis of blood calcium levels?
What vitamin deficiency leads to scurvy? Is this vitamin water- or fat-soluble?
Is phosphocreatine made while you are exercising or during rest? Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) is a kinase? What does a kinase do in general? When CPK coverts phosphocreatine to creatine, what molecule gets phosphorylated?
Can you explain how the high specific heat of water relates to body temperate regulation via vasodilation and vasoconstriction?
Is insulin hydrophobic or hydrophilic? Is cholesterol hydrophobic or hydrophilic? If either of these are hydrophobic, how are they transported in the bloodstream?
In terms of the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution, what is the difference between a pH of 7.0 and a pH of 4.0?
Can you write out the bicarbonate buffer equation? What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction? If a patient has a blood pH of 7.0, what medical condition do they have? Will their respiratory rate increase or decrease to try to correct for this condition? What might their kidneys do?
Explanation / Answer
1. ANS: Double helix is the native form of DNA. It referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape. Nucleotides are the true building blocks of DNA. There are three components of a single nucleotide: one deoxyribose sugar, one phosphate, and one of the four bases can make a complete DNA molecule. In this the purine adenine (A) always pairs with the pyrimidine thymine (T) and the pyrimidine cytosine (C) always pairs with the purine guanine (G)
2. ANS: Vitamins are organic molecules that perform a wide variety of functions in the Coenzyme form.
Non-protein components of certain enzymes are called cofactors. If the cofactor is organic, then it is called a coenzyme.
Vitamin D plays a very important role in the maintenance of homeostasis of blood calcium levels. Vitamin D maintains normal blood levels of calcium and phosphate.
3. ANS: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency leads to scurvy. It is water soluble vitamin. Vitamin C helps to repair and regenerate tissues, protect against heart disease, aid in the absorption of iron, prevent scurvy
4. ANS: Phosphocreatine is the best source of rapidly available energy, So it made during exercising.
Phosphocreatine cannot provide energy for muscle contractions directly (only ATP can do that).
Creatine phosphokinase is an enzyme found in your heart, brain, and skeletal muscles.
a kinase is a type of enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules
CK catalyses the conversion of creatine and utilizes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to create phosphocreatine (PCr) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
5. ANS:
Thermoregulation is a process that allows your body to maintain its core internal temperature.
If your body temperature falls to 95°F (35°C) or lower it is called hypothermia. If your body temperature rises as high as 107.6°F (42 °C) it is called hyperthermia.
6. ANS: Insulin is a polypeptide hydrophilic.
Cholesterol is hydrophobic because it is a lipid.
Cholesterol is insoluble in the blood; it is transported to and from the cells by carriers known as lipoproteins. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or “Bad Cholesterol” is the major cholesterol carrier in the blood.
7. ANS:
Acidic, basic and neutral is defined by the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+](mol/L). A solution with a concentration of hydrogen ions higher than 10-7mol/L is acidic, and a solution with a lower concentration is alkaline. a pH of 7 is neutral, a pH less than 7 is acidic, and a pH greater than 7 is basic.
7.0 is a neutral pH Ex: Pure water
4.0 is a acidic pH Ex: Wine
Please remind this note: Answering to many questions is against to chegg rule, so I am answering 1- 7 questions.