Disease in Depth: Giardiasis Giardiasis is the most common intestinal parasitic

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Disease in Depth: Giardiasis

Giardiasis is the most common intestinal parasitic disease in the United States. Worldwide, the CDC estimates that approximately 33% of people living in developed countries have had giardiasis. It is caused by Giardia intestinalis, a parasitic protozoan that exists as a cyst and as a trophozoite. In the environment, Giardia exists as a hardy cyst, able to withstand harsh environmental and chemical stresses. This activity examines Giardia intestinalis pathogenesis as well as some of the issues that make eradication problematic.

Part A - Forms of Giardia intestinalis

Giardia exists in two forms--cysts and trophozoites. While both are required for the life cycle of Giardia, only the cyst is considered infectious. Why is the cyst considered the infectious form of Giardia?

Choose the best answer.

Part B - Giardia Pathogenesis

During the course of infection, Giardia will pass through many different anatomical locations. Each of these locations is associated with specific events in Giardia intestinalis pathogenesis. Each statement below describes a key pathogenic event; sort the events by placing them in the bin that describes the anatomical location in which they occur.

Place each event into the bin that describes the anatomical location where it occurs.

Mouth

Lumen ofsmall intestine

Epithelial liningof intestine

Colon

Rectum (feces)

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Part C - Symptoms of Giardia Infection

While common symptoms of Giardia infection include diarrhea, gas, and dehydration, more severe symptoms are also seen. Severe Giardia infections can lead to drastic weight loss in adults and malnutrition and delayed development in children. Which of the following statements offers the most likely explanation for these severe outcomes?

Choose the best answer.

Part D - Transmission of Giardia

Explore the CDC website regarding modes of transmission of Giardia. Which of the following scenarios could result in transmission of Giardia? Remember that giardiasis is classified as a waterborne disease.

Select all that apply.

Part E - Giardia Transmission

Use the CDC website to examine giardiasis surveillance data. Notice the variety of transmission modes that have been identified. The CDC notes several characteristics that make drinking and recreational water and person-to-person contact ideal modes of transmission. Which of the following contributes to the ease of transmission via these modes?

Select all that apply.

Trophozoites only emerge within the host; this form of Giardia doesn’t leave the host. A cyst is the form that causes the most damage to host tissues. Cysts are able to reproduce via binary fission; this increases the number of Giardia very quickly. Trophozoites are unable to live outside a host. After entering the host, cysts are able to attach to the epithelium and establish an infection. Ingestion of cysts

Explanation / Answer

Part A- Trophozoites are unable to live outside a host.

The cyst, can exist for prolonged periods outside the body. Trophozoites are that is why unable to spread the infection.

Part B- figure 1-mouth

Figure 2- feces

Figure 3- lumen of small intestine.

Figure 4- epithelial lining of intestine

Figure 5- colon

Part C- Giardia destroy the integrity of the intestinal epithelium.

Part D-

Oral-anal contact during sex
Having a housemate that is infected with Giardia
Getting a bit of river water in your mouth while swimming
An accidental needle stick during a blood draw from an infected person
Cleaning your dog’s crate after he has had diarrhea.

According to the Chegg guidelines I am liable to answer only four sub parts of the question.

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