Minilab 23 Nucleophilic Substitution Rates of Alcohol I need the before you begi

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Minilab 23 Nucleophilic Substitution Rates of Alcohol

I need the before you begin section for my lab. Please help. I have no idea what I'm doing.

failab 23 Nucleophilic Substitution Rates of Alcohols Nucleophilic Substitution Rates of Alcohols Before You Begin : Classify each alcohol as primary, secondary, or tertiary. d try to predict their relative reactivities with the HCI-ZnCly reagent. acidic solutionsalcohols can react with various nucleophiles by either an Syl or SN2 mechanism. The Syl mechanism involves loss of water From the protonated alcohol to form a carbocation, which then combines Eith the nucleophile. The SN2 reaction involves nucleophilic attack on the protonated alcohol to yield the product directly. R-OHH. R-OH H In this minilab, you will carry out the reaction of an alcohol with hydro chloric acid in the presence of zinc chloride, a Lewis acid catalyst. R-OH + HCI , R—CI + HO The ZnCIapparently coordinates with the oxygen atom of the alcohol, converting its –OH (a very poor leaving group) to a better leaving group. O-ZnC1 You will use your results to decide whether the reaction appears to proceed by an Swl or SN2 mechanism. N DIRECTIONS ydrochloric acid is very corrosive. Contact or inhalation can cause severe damage to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Zine chloride is toxic and corrosive, with harmful fumes. Avoid contact with the HCI-ZnCI reagent and do not breathe its vapors. Wear gloves and work under a hood. the HC-ZnCi ously for 5 , any evidence 15 Label and number three clean, dry 13 x 100-mm test tubes. Measure " drops of (1) 1-butanol(2) 2-butanol, and (3) 2-methyl-2propanol into responding test tubes. Under the hood, add 20 mL of the 2 reagent to each test tube, stopper and shake each tube vigor secondsand then let them stand at room temperature. Look for Ice of a reaction, recording your observations during the first minutes or so and at intervals throughout the lab period. at

Explanation / Answer

alcohols participate in SN1 and SN2 reactions.

alcohols are three type primary alcohols ,secondary , and tertiary alcohol.

SN1 reactivity order for alcohols : tertiary alcohol > secondary > primary alcohols

because here SN1 mechanism follows carbocation path way. intermediate is carbocation in SN1 reaction . so the alcohol which gives most stable carbocation will readily participate in SN1 reaction

SN2 reactivity order for alcohols : primary alcohols >secondary tertiary alcohol

less sterically crowded alcohols readily participate in SN2 reaction .

for given 1-butanol , 2-butanol , 2-methyl-2-propanol

SN1 reactivity order: 2-methyl-2-propanol > 2-butanol >1-butanol

SN2 reactivity order : 1-butanol > 2-butanol > 2-methyl-2-propanol

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