QUESTION 39 1. If the value of linkage disequilibrium (D) is equal to 0.25, one
ID: 90609 • Letter: Q
Question
QUESTION 39 1. If the value of linkage disequilibrium (D) is equal to 0.25, one can infer that the alleles are a. interacting but only mildly with little effect on disequilibrium state. b. in repulsion. c. not interacting. d. in coupling.
QUESTION 38 1. Which of the following processes causes a neutral allele to increase in frequency because it is linked to an allele under selection? a. mutation b. genetic hitchhiking c. background selection d. genetic drift
QUESTION 37 1. In the figure depicting heritability of migratory timing in the blackcap warbler, what does the straight line indicate? a. the narrow-sense heritability b. the response to selection c. the norm of reaction of nocturnal restlessness d. the broad-sense heritability
QUESTION 36 1. Which of the following does NOT represent a way in which genotype and phenotype can interact? a. norms of reaction b. pleiotropy c. physical linkage d. epistasis
QUESTION 32 1. What is one reason why antibiotic resistance does not always disappear as quickly as one might expect after large-scale antibiotic use is ended? a. Alleles for antibiotic resistance confer no fitness costs. b. Horizontal gene transfer occurs from other resistant bacterial strains. c. Compensatory mutations arise at other loci in resistant bacterial strains, which eliminate fitness costs associated with the resistant phenotype. d. Alleles for antibiotic resistance confer no fitness benefits.
QUESTION 30 1. Genetic drift causes changes in a. allele frequencies. b. population size. c. the genetic code. d. the strength of natural selection.
QUESTION 29 1. Population bottlenecks can result in rapid fixation or loss of alleles in otherwise large populations because the bottleneck a. creates many new small populations. b. selectively eliminates or fixes alleles. c. reduces the effective population size. d. allows migrant alleles to overwhelm native alleles.
QUESTION 24 1. Genetic drift is caused by ________ processes. a. selective b. mutational c. directed d. random
QUESTION 22 1. The effective population size is often lower than the census size of a population because a. scientists cannot accurately count the number of individuals in a population. b. individuals contribute unequally to future generations. c. populations cannot recover from decreases in heterozygosity. d. inbreeding depression decreases the fitness of inbred progeny.
QUESTION 19 1. Natural selection can act on both ________, which is the probability of survival, and ________, which is the number of offspring produced. a. directional selection, frequency-dependent selection b. epistasis; epigenetics c. viability; fecundity d. livelihood; income
QUESTION 18 1. Mathematical descriptions of evolutionary processes allow biologists to make ________ predictions about how genotype frequencies change over time. a. quantitative b. constrained c. qualitative d. categorical
QUESTION 16 1. Consider a locus with two alleles, A and a. Under which of the following scenarios will the frequency of the A allele increase? a. The fitness of AA and Aa individuals are higher than the fitness of aa individuals. b. The fitness of heterozygotes is lower than the fitness of either homozygote. c. The fitness of heterozygotes is higher than the fitness of either homozygote. d. The fitness of aa individuals is higher than the fitness of Aa and AA individuals.
QUESTION 7 1. With no mutation, an mRNA sequence reads “UCA,” which codes for serine. A mutation arises that changes the sequence to “UCC,” which codes for serine. This is an example of all of the following types of mutation EXCEPT a. synonynous mutation. b. nonsense mutation. c. point mutation. d. transversion.
QUESTION 5 1. If two alleles generate a heterozygote phenotype that is intermediate between the homozygotes for each allele, the alleles are said to exhibit a. recessive characteristics. b. blending. c. complete dominance. d. incomplete dominance.
Explanation / Answer
38 1) genetic drift is the processes that causes a neutral allele to increase in frequency because it is linked to an allele under selection.