Consider the molecule shown below, and the pair of energy diagrams, for the next
ID: 908719 • Letter: C
Question
Consider the molecule shown below, and the pair of energy diagrams, for the next set of questions. Enter the letters corresponding to atoms in the molecule (abc etc). If none of the atoms apply, input none. 1. Which of the atom(s) is/are sp^3 hybridized? Molecules with sp^3 hybridization have 4 sigma bonds (C) or 3 sigma bonds and a lone pair (N) or 2 sigma bonds and 2 lone pairs (O). Enter none, if none of the atoms have this hybridization. 2. Which of the atom(s) is/are sp^2 hybridized? 3. Which of the atom(s) is/are sp hybridized? 4. Which of the atom(s) is/are represented by the energy diagram on the left? 5. Which of the atom(s) is/are represented by the energy diagram on the right?Explanation / Answer
Hybridization of a particular atom can be found out by finding the steric number of that concerned atom.
Steric number = Number of atoms bonded + lone pairs on that atom.
Calculating the steric number and hence assigning the hybridization for each atom in the molecule is given as:
For (a) Oxygen is bonded with only one carbn and possesses two lone pairs.
Therefore, the steric number = 1+2 = 3
If steric number is 3, the hybridization on the atom is sp2.
Similarly, for atom (b), steric number = 3 + 0 = 3, sp2.
For atom (c), steric number = 4+0 = 4, sp3.
For atom (d), steric number = 4+0 = 4, sp3.
For atom (e), steric number = 3+0 = 4, sp2.
For atom (f), steric number = 3+0 = 4, sp2.
For atom (g), steric number = 4+0 = 4, sp3.
For atom (h), steric number = 4+0 = 4, sp3.
For atom (i), steric number = 4+0 = 4, sp3.
For atom (j), steric number = 4+0 = 4, sp3.
1. Atoms (c), (d), (g), (h), (i), (j) are sp3 hybridized.
2. Atoms (a), (b), (e) and (f) are sp2 hybirdized.
3. None are sp hybridized.
4. Carbon has two valence electrons and oxygen has 4 valence electrons. They both hybridize to form the molecular orbital whose eneregy diagram can be shown as the energy diagram on the left. Therefore, atoms (a) and (b) are represented in the energy the energy diagram on the left.
5. Oxygen has four valence electrons in the valence shell. Therefore, (a) is represented in energy diagram on the right.