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Answer the following general questions about substitution and elimination reacti

ID: 984210 • Letter: A

Question

Answer the following general questions about substitution and elimination reactions Which of the following isomers reacts fastest in an S_N2-type reaction? Answer: 2-chloro-4,4-dimethylpentane l-chloro-3,3-dimethylpentane 3-chloro-2,3-dimethylpentane none of the choices What is the effect on the rate of the E2 reaction of terf-butyl bromide and NaOH if the concentration of the base is halved? Answer: faster slower no change What is the effect on the S_N2 reaction of 1-bromobutane if the solvent is switched from dimethylsulfoxide, a non-polar solvent, to methanol, a polar solvent? Answer: faster slower no change What is the effect on the S_N1 reaction of 3-bromo-3-methylpentane with water if the concentration of the nucleophile is doubled? Answer: faster slower no change

Explanation / Answer

a) b ,   1-chloro-3,3-dimethyl pentane

halogen should be attached to primary C   then SN2 will be faster.

b) b slower

E2 reaction depends on both alkyl halide and base so if concentration of any one decrease rate also will decrease.

c) slower     

SN2 favour in polar aprotic solvents

d) no change

SN1    reaction only depends on alkyl halide . independent on nucleophile.